144
16. Due to the sensitivity of the imaging system, one typically gets
some background bioluminescence in nude and SCID mice. It is
important to shave and NAIR
®
the mice if using a mouse strain
with hair to reduce the background and determine the correct
size, shape, and position of a ROI.
17. Bioluminescence data acquired in a mouse xenograft model
should be validated by biochemical methods such as Western
blotting or immunohistochemistry (IHC). For validation of
the bioluminescence data for ATMR, tumor tissue should be
analyzed with pATM and pCHK2 antibodies after control,
KU-55933, KU-60019, or radiation treatments.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge members of the Center for Molecular
Imaging at the University of Michigan for their valuable input and
support for the studies. This work was supported by the National
Institutes of Health grant R01CA193690 (AR), P01CA087634
(BDR, AR and SN) as well as a P30CA046592 award to the
University of Michigan Cancer Center.
References
1. Bhojani MS, Nyati S, Rao HR, Rehemtulla A
(2010) Molecular imaging in lung cancer
metastases. In: Lung cancer metastasis.
Springer, New York, pp 267–287
2. Khan AP, Contessa JN, Nyati MK, Ross BD,
Rehemtulla A (2011) Molecular imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity.
Anal Biochem 417(1):57–64. doi:10.1016/j.
ab.2011.05.040
3. Khan AP, Schinske KA, Nyati S, Bhojani MS,
Ross BD, Rehemtulla A (2010) Highthroughput molecular imaging for the identification of FADD kinase inhibitors. J Biomol
Screen 15(9):1063–1070
4. Nyati S, Ranga R, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A,
Bhojani MS (2010) Molecular imaging of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and casein kinase-1α
kinases. Anal Biochem 405(2):246–254
5. Nyati S, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A, Bhojani MS
(2010) Novel molecular imaging platform for
monitoring oncological kinases. Cancer Cell
Int 10:23. doi:10.1186/1475-2867-10-23
6. Nyati S, Schinske K, Ray D, Nyati M, Ross BD,
Rehemtulla A (2011) Molecular imaging of
TGF beta-induced smad2/3 phosphorylation
reveals a role for receptor tyrosine kinases in
modulating TGF beta signaling. Clin Cancer
Res 17(23):7424–7439. doi:10.1158/10780432.Ccr-11-1248
7. Williams TM, Nyati S, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A
(2013) Molecular imaging of the ATM kinase
activity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86(5):969–
977. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.04.028 S03603016(13)00457-4 [pii]
8. Zhang L, Bhojani MS, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A
(2008) Molecular imaging of protein kinases.
Cell Cycle 7(3):314–317
9. Zhang L, Lee KC, Bhojani MS, Khan AP,
Shilman A, Holland EC, Ross BD, Rehemtulla
A (2007) Molecular imaging of Akt kinase
activity.
Nat
Med
13(9):1114–1119.
doi:10.1038/nm1608
10. Zhang L, Virani S, Zhang Y, Bhojani MS,
Burgess TL, Coxon A, Galban CJ, Ross BD,
Rehemtulla A (2011) Molecular imaging of
c-Met tyrosine kinase activity. Anal Biochem
412(1):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2011.01.028
11. Johnson SA, You Z, Hunter T (2007)
Monitoring ATM kinase activity in living cells.
DNA Repair 6(9):1277–1284. doi:10.1016/j.
dnarep.2007.02.025
12. Nyati S, Schinske-Sebolt K, Pitchiaya S,
Chekhovskiy K, Chator A, Chaudhry N, Dosch
J, Van Dort ME, Varambally S, Kumar-Sinha
Shyam Nyati et al.
16. Due to the sensitivity of the imaging system, one typically gets
some background bioluminescence in nude and SCID mice. It is
important to shave and NAIR
®
the mice if using a mouse strain
with hair to reduce the background and determine the correct
size, shape, and position of a ROI.
17. Bioluminescence data acquired in a mouse xenograft model
should be validated by biochemical methods such as Western
blotting or immunohistochemistry (IHC). For validation of
the bioluminescence data for ATMR, tumor tissue should be
analyzed with pATM and pCHK2 antibodies after control,
KU-55933, KU-60019, or radiation treatments.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge members of the Center for Molecular
Imaging at the University of Michigan for their valuable input and
support for the studies. This work was supported by the National
Institutes of Health grant R01CA193690 (AR), P01CA087634
(BDR, AR and SN) as well as a P30CA046592 award to the
University of Michigan Cancer Center.
References
1. Bhojani MS, Nyati S, Rao HR, Rehemtulla A
(2010) Molecular imaging in lung cancer
metastases. In: Lung cancer metastasis.
Springer, New York, pp 267–287
2. Khan AP, Contessa JN, Nyati MK, Ross BD,
Rehemtulla A (2011) Molecular imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity.
Anal Biochem 417(1):57–64. doi:10.1016/j.
ab.2011.05.040
3. Khan AP, Schinske KA, Nyati S, Bhojani MS,
Ross BD, Rehemtulla A (2010) Highthroughput molecular imaging for the identification of FADD kinase inhibitors. J Biomol
Screen 15(9):1063–1070
4. Nyati S, Ranga R, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A,
Bhojani MS (2010) Molecular imaging of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and casein kinase-1α
kinases. Anal Biochem 405(2):246–254
5. Nyati S, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A, Bhojani MS
(2010) Novel molecular imaging platform for
monitoring oncological kinases. Cancer Cell
Int 10:23. doi:10.1186/1475-2867-10-23
6. Nyati S, Schinske K, Ray D, Nyati M, Ross BD,
Rehemtulla A (2011) Molecular imaging of
TGF beta-induced smad2/3 phosphorylation
reveals a role for receptor tyrosine kinases in
modulating TGF beta signaling. Clin Cancer
Res 17(23):7424–7439. doi:10.1158/10780432.Ccr-11-1248
7. Williams TM, Nyati S, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A
(2013) Molecular imaging of the ATM kinase
activity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 86(5):969–
977. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.04.028 S03603016(13)00457-4 [pii]
8. Zhang L, Bhojani MS, Ross BD, Rehemtulla A
(2008) Molecular imaging of protein kinases.
Cell Cycle 7(3):314–317
9. Zhang L, Lee KC, Bhojani MS, Khan AP,
Shilman A, Holland EC, Ross BD, Rehemtulla
A (2007) Molecular imaging of Akt kinase
activity.
Nat
Med
13(9):1114–1119.
doi:10.1038/nm1608
10. Zhang L, Virani S, Zhang Y, Bhojani MS,
Burgess TL, Coxon A, Galban CJ, Ross BD,
Rehemtulla A (2011) Molecular imaging of
c-Met tyrosine kinase activity. Anal Biochem
412(1):1–8. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2011.01.028
11. Johnson SA, You Z, Hunter T (2007)
Monitoring ATM kinase activity in living cells.
DNA Repair 6(9):1277–1284. doi:10.1016/j.
dnarep.2007.02.025
12. Nyati S, Schinske-Sebolt K, Pitchiaya S,
Chekhovskiy K, Chator A, Chaudhry N, Dosch
J, Van Dort ME, Varambally S, Kumar-Sinha
Shyam Nyati et al.