109
Table 1
Summary of SNIFIT and LUCID sensors published to date
Analyte
Use
Design
Intramolecular
ligand
Mechanism
Dynamic
range
c
50
HCA inhibitors
(μM) and Zn
2+
(nM)
[22,
25]
SNIFIT
in vitro and cell
surface
SNAP-mCherry- HCA
SNAP-CLIPHCA
SNAP-PP-CLIPHCA
Sulfonamides
FRET
dye -fluorescent protein
Cy5-mCherry
Dye-dye
Cy5-DY547
390% (iv)
230% (cells)
220–600
μM
Glutamate (high
μM)
[27]
SNIFIT
in vitro and cell
surface
SNAP-PP15- CLIPiGluR5-S1S2
Glutamate
FRET
Dye-dye
Cy5-DY547
90% (iv)
56% (cells)
12
μM
γ-Aminobutyric
acid (GABA)
(μM–mM)
[28]
SNIFIT
cell surface
SNAP-CLIPGB1a and
GB2 coexpressed
GABA
B receptor
antagonist CGP
51783
FRET
Opposite mechanism,
Dye-dye
Cy5-Alexa488
80% (cells)
100
μM
ACh and AChE
inhibitors
(nM–mM)
[29]
SNIFIT
in vitro and cell
surface
AChE-CLIP-(GPGGA)
8 -
SNAP
Decamethonium
or edrophonium-C13
FRET
Dye-dye
Cy5-Cy3
65%
7
nM–10 mM
Methotrexate
(nM–mM)
[30]
LUCID
NLuccpDHFRL24G5
Trimethoprim/
methotrexate
BRET
Cy3-Nluc
1340%
0.75–85
μM
Tacrolimus and
sirolimus (nM)
[30]
LUCID
SNAP-PP30- NLucFKBP12
Two-headed ligand
BRET
Cy3-Nluc
460%
17 nM
Cyclosporine A
(nM)
[30]
LUCID
SNAP-PP30- NLuccphuman cyclophilin
R149G5
Mixed urea
BRET
Cy3-Nluc
192%
500 nM
Topiramate (μM) [30]
LUCID
SNAP-PP30NLuc-HCA Parasulfonamide
BRET
TMR-Nluc
591%
7.3
μM
Digoxin
[30]
LUCID
DIG10.3-NLuc-PP30-SNAP- Progesterone
BRET
TMR-Nluc
485%
22 nM
SNIFITS and LUCIDs: Semi-Synthetic Modular Biosensors