334
Y. Bai et al.
Acknowledgements Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Grant (21625201, 21961142010, 21661140001, 91853202, and 21521003), the National Key
Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0505200), the Beijing Outstanding Young
Scientist Program (BJJWZYJH01201910001001) is gratefully acknowledged.
References
1. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI (2007) The human
microbiome project. Nature 449:804
2. Ng J, Papandreou A, Heales SJ, Kurian MA (2015) Monoamine neurotransmitter disorders—
clinical advances and future perspectives. Nat Rev Neurol 11:567
3. Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS (2004) Catecholamine metabolism: a contemporary view
with implications for physiology and medicine. Pharmacol Rev 56:331
4. Gainetdinov RR, Hoener MC, Berry MD, Witkin JM (2018) Trace amines and their receptors.
Pharm Rev 70:549
5. Miller WL, Auchus RJ (2011) The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human
steroidogenesis and its disorders. Endocr Rev 32:81
6. Xiao X, Tang J-J, Peng C, Wang Y, Fu L, Qiu Z-P, Xiong Y, Yang L-F, Cui H-W, He X-L, Yin
L, Qi W, Wong CCL, Zhao Y, Li B-L, Qiu W-W, Song BL (2017) Cholesterol modification of
smoothened is required for hedgehog signaling. Mol Cell 66:154
7. Folco G, Murphy RC (2006) Eicosanoid transcellular biosynthesis: from cell-cell interactions
to in vivo tissue responses. Pharmacol Rev 58:375
8. Calder PC (2015) Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms
and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1851:469
9. Venable ME, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM (1993) Platelet-activating factor: a
phospholipid autacoid with diverse actions. J Lipid Res 34:691
10. Ryan SD, Harris CS, Mo F, Lee H, Hou ST, Bazan NG, Haddad PS, Arnason JT, Bennett SAL
(2007) Platelet activating factor-induced neuronal apoptosis is initiated independently of its
G-protein coupled PAF receptor and is inhibited by the benzoate orsellinic acid. J Neurochem
103:88
11. The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the
healthy human microbiome. Nature 486:207
12. Lloyd-Price J, Mahurkar A, Rahnavard G, Crabtree J, Orvis J, Hall AB, Brady A, Creasy HH,
McCracken C, Giglio MG, McDonals D, Franzosa EA, Knight R, White O, Huttenhower C
(2017) Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded human microbiome project. Nature
550:61
13. Rath CM, Dorrestein PC (2012) The bacterial chemical repertoire mediates metabolic exchange
within gut microbiomes. Curr Opin Microbiol 15:147
14. Kim CH (2018) Immune regulation by microbiome metabolites. Immunology 154:220
15. Blacher E, Levy M, Tatirovsky E, Elinav E (2017) Microbiome-modulated metabolites at the
interface of host immunity. J Immunol 198:572
16. Tombari RJ, Saunders CM, Wu C-Y, Dunlap LE, Tantillo DJ, Olson DE (2019) Ex vivo analysis
of tryptophan metabolism using 19 F NMR. ACS Chem Biol 14:1866
17. Dodd D, Spitzer MH, Van Treuren W, Merrill BD, Hryckowian AJ, Higginbottom SK, Le
A, Cowan TM, Nolan GP, Fischbach MA, Sonnenburg JL (2017) A gut bacterial pathway
metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites. Nature 55:648
18. Thomas C, Pellicciari R, Pruzanski M, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K (2008) Targeting bile-acid
signalling for metabolic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:678
19. Yu H, Zhao T, Liu S, Wu Q, Johnson O, Wu Z, Zhuang Z, Shi Y, Peng L, He R, Yang Y, Sun J,
Wang X, Xu H, Zheng Z, Zou P, Lei X, Luo W, Li Y (2019) MRGPRX4 is a bile acid receptor
for human cholestatic itch. eLife 8:e48431
Y. Bai et al.
Acknowledgements Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Grant (21625201, 21961142010, 21661140001, 91853202, and 21521003), the National Key
Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0505200), the Beijing Outstanding Young
Scientist Program (BJJWZYJH01201910001001) is gratefully acknowledged.
References
1. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI (2007) The human
microbiome project. Nature 449:804
2. Ng J, Papandreou A, Heales SJ, Kurian MA (2015) Monoamine neurotransmitter disorders—
clinical advances and future perspectives. Nat Rev Neurol 11:567
3. Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS (2004) Catecholamine metabolism: a contemporary view
with implications for physiology and medicine. Pharmacol Rev 56:331
4. Gainetdinov RR, Hoener MC, Berry MD, Witkin JM (2018) Trace amines and their receptors.
Pharm Rev 70:549
5. Miller WL, Auchus RJ (2011) The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human
steroidogenesis and its disorders. Endocr Rev 32:81
6. Xiao X, Tang J-J, Peng C, Wang Y, Fu L, Qiu Z-P, Xiong Y, Yang L-F, Cui H-W, He X-L, Yin
L, Qi W, Wong CCL, Zhao Y, Li B-L, Qiu W-W, Song BL (2017) Cholesterol modification of
smoothened is required for hedgehog signaling. Mol Cell 66:154
7. Folco G, Murphy RC (2006) Eicosanoid transcellular biosynthesis: from cell-cell interactions
to in vivo tissue responses. Pharmacol Rev 58:375
8. Calder PC (2015) Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms
and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1851:469
9. Venable ME, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM (1993) Platelet-activating factor: a
phospholipid autacoid with diverse actions. J Lipid Res 34:691
10. Ryan SD, Harris CS, Mo F, Lee H, Hou ST, Bazan NG, Haddad PS, Arnason JT, Bennett SAL
(2007) Platelet activating factor-induced neuronal apoptosis is initiated independently of its
G-protein coupled PAF receptor and is inhibited by the benzoate orsellinic acid. J Neurochem
103:88
11. The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) Structure, function and diversity of the
healthy human microbiome. Nature 486:207
12. Lloyd-Price J, Mahurkar A, Rahnavard G, Crabtree J, Orvis J, Hall AB, Brady A, Creasy HH,
McCracken C, Giglio MG, McDonals D, Franzosa EA, Knight R, White O, Huttenhower C
(2017) Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded human microbiome project. Nature
550:61
13. Rath CM, Dorrestein PC (2012) The bacterial chemical repertoire mediates metabolic exchange
within gut microbiomes. Curr Opin Microbiol 15:147
14. Kim CH (2018) Immune regulation by microbiome metabolites. Immunology 154:220
15. Blacher E, Levy M, Tatirovsky E, Elinav E (2017) Microbiome-modulated metabolites at the
interface of host immunity. J Immunol 198:572
16. Tombari RJ, Saunders CM, Wu C-Y, Dunlap LE, Tantillo DJ, Olson DE (2019) Ex vivo analysis
of tryptophan metabolism using 19 F NMR. ACS Chem Biol 14:1866
17. Dodd D, Spitzer MH, Van Treuren W, Merrill BD, Hryckowian AJ, Higginbottom SK, Le
A, Cowan TM, Nolan GP, Fischbach MA, Sonnenburg JL (2017) A gut bacterial pathway
metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites. Nature 55:648
18. Thomas C, Pellicciari R, Pruzanski M, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K (2008) Targeting bile-acid
signalling for metabolic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:678
19. Yu H, Zhao T, Liu S, Wu Q, Johnson O, Wu Z, Zhuang Z, Shi Y, Peng L, He R, Yang Y, Sun J,
Wang X, Xu H, Zheng Z, Zou P, Lei X, Luo W, Li Y (2019) MRGPRX4 is a bile acid receptor
for human cholestatic itch. eLife 8:e48431