Human Endogenous Natural Products
321
O
OH
eicosapentaenoic acid
O
OH
O
HO
HO
prostaglandin D3
O
OH
HO
HO
O
prostaglandin E3
O
OH
OH
S
O
OH
H 2 N
leukotriene E5
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
(18S)-resolvin E1
O
OH
docosahexaenoic acid
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
resolvin D1
resolvins
O
OH
OH
OH
maresin 1
O
OH
OH
OH
neuroprotectin D1
Fig. 6 Metabolism of DHA and EPA
The ARA metabolites, including PGE2, other 2-series PGs, and the 4-series LTs,
usually bind to a specific receptor (typically, a GPCR) and they mediate or upregulate inflammation. In contrast, extensive animal models of inflammation indicate
that the ω-3 fatty acid metabolites including the resolvins, protectins, and maresins
are anti-inflammatory or inflammation resolving. The biosynthesis and receptors
of ARA metabolites are targets of various anti-inflammatory drugs. Interestingly, a
321
O
OH
eicosapentaenoic acid
O
OH
O
HO
HO
prostaglandin D3
O
OH
HO
HO
O
prostaglandin E3
O
OH
OH
S
O
OH
H 2 N
leukotriene E5
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
(18S)-resolvin E1
O
OH
docosahexaenoic acid
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
resolvin D1
resolvins
O
OH
OH
OH
maresin 1
O
OH
OH
OH
neuroprotectin D1
Fig. 6 Metabolism of DHA and EPA
The ARA metabolites, including PGE2, other 2-series PGs, and the 4-series LTs,
usually bind to a specific receptor (typically, a GPCR) and they mediate or upregulate inflammation. In contrast, extensive animal models of inflammation indicate
that the ω-3 fatty acid metabolites including the resolvins, protectins, and maresins
are anti-inflammatory or inflammation resolving. The biosynthesis and receptors
of ARA metabolites are targets of various anti-inflammatory drugs. Interestingly, a