204
N. N. Win and H. Morita
cells suggested that a hydroxymethyl functionality at C-13 is important to the inhibition of the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines, within this compound
class [429].
2.21 Vitex trifolia L.
Vitex trifolia belongs to the family Verbenaceae. It is an aromatic coastal deciduous
shrub. In Myanmar, it is a popular herb where it is known locally as Kyaung-banlay (Fig. 73). The leaves, fruits, and roots have been used for the alleviation of
indigestion, dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysentery, menstrual disorders, urinary disorders,
maintaining men’s health, and muscle cramps [435]. The leaves and fruits have
been reported to have positive effects in treating amnesia [434], cancer [435–438],
inflammation [439, 440], and parasitic infections [441], in addition to having wound
healing [442] and antibacterial effects [443, 445]. Several types of compounds, such
as flavonoids [438], labdane-type diterpenoids [446], lignans [447], terpenoids [448],
and essential oil components [449], have been reported from the different parts
Fig. 73 Vitex trifolia known
as Kyaung-ban-lay. The
leaves, fruits, and roots have
use in traditional medicine in
Myanmar