30
1 Introduction
31. de Wilde J, de Broqueville A (2008) Experimental investigation of a rotating fluidized bed in
a static geometry. Powder Technol 183(3):426–435
32. Deen NG, Kuipers JAM (2014), Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of mass, momentum and
heat transfer in dense fluid-particle systems. Curr Opin Chem Eng 5:84–89
33. Dong L, Zhao Y, Duan C, Luo Z, Zhang B, Yang X (2014) Characteristics of bubble and
fine coal separation using active pulsing air dense medium fluidized bed. Powder Technol
257:40–46
34. Douady S, Fauve S, Laroche C (1989) Subharmonic instabilities and defects in a granular
layer under vertical vibrations. EPL (Europhys Lett) 8(7):621
35. Enwald H, Peirano E, Almstedt AE (1996) Eulerian two-phase flow theory applied to
fluidization. Int J Multiphase Flow 22:21–66
36. Fan L-S, Zeng L, Wang W, Luo S (2012) Chemical looping processes for CO 2 capture and
carbonaceous fuel conversion–prospect and opportunity. Energy Environ Sci 5(6):7254–7280
37. Faraday M (1831) On a peculiar class of acoustical figures; and on certain forms assumed by
groups of particles upon vibrating elastic surfaces. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 121:299–340
38. Farzaneh M, Almstedt A-E, Johnsson F, Pallarès D, Sasic S (2015) The crucial role of frictional
stress models for simulation of bubbling fluidized beds. Powder Technol 270:68–82
39. Francia V, Wu K, Coppens M-O (2021) Dynamically structured fluidization: Oscillating
the gas flow and other opportunities to intensify gas-solid fluidized bed operation. Chem
Eng Process 159:108143
40. Geldart D (1973) Types of gas fluidization. Powder Technol 7(5):285–292
41. Gidaspow D (1994) Multiphase flow and fluidization: continuum and kinetic theory
descriptions. Academic Press, New York
42. Goldman DI, Shattuck MD, Moon SJ, Swift JB, Swinney HL (2003) Lattice dynamics and
melting of a nonequilibrium pattern. Phys Rev Lett 90(10):104302
43. Goldschmidt M, Beetstra R, Kuipers JAM (2002) Hydrodynamic modelling of dense gasfluidised beds: comparison of the kinetic theory of granular flow with 3D hard-sphere discrete
particle simulations. Chem Eng Sci 57(11):2059–2075
44. Goldshtein A, Shapiro M (1995) Mechanics of collisional motion of granular materials. Part
1. General hydrodynamic equations. J Fluid Mech 282:75–114
45. Grace J, Sun G (1990) Fines concentration in voids in fluidized beds. Powder Technol
62(2):203–205
46. Hernández-Jiménez F, Sánchez-Delgado S, Gómez-García A, Acosta-Iborra A (2011)
Comparison between two-fluid model simulations and particle image analysis & velocimetry
(PIV) results for a two-dimensional gas–solid fluidized bed. Chem Eng Sci 66(17):3753–3772
47. Hristov J (2002) Magnetic field assisted fluidization—a unified approach. Part 1. Fundamentals and relevant hydrodynamics of gas-fluidized beds (batch solids mode). Rev Chem Eng
18(4–5):295-512
48. Hulme I, Clavelle E, van der Lee L, Kantzas A (2005) CFD modeling and validation of bubble
properties for a bubbling fluidized bed. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(12):4254–4266
49. Jenkins JT, Richman MW (1985) Kinetic theory for plane flows of a dense gas of identical,
rough, inelastic, circular disks. Phys Fluids 28(12):3485–3494
50. Jia D, Bi X, Lim CJ, Sokhansanj S, Tsutsumi A (2016) Biomass drying in a pulsed fluidized
bed without inert bed particles. Fuel 186:270–284
51. Jia D, Bi X, Lim CJ, Sokhansanj S, Tsutsumi A (2017) Gas-solid mixing and mass transfer
in a tapered fluidized bed of biomass with pulsed gas flow. Powder Technol 316:373–387
52. Jin H, Tong Z, Zhang J, Zhang B (2004) Homogeneous fluidization characteristics of vibrating
fluidized beds. Can J Chem Eng 82(5):1048–1053
53. Julián I, Herguido J, Menéndez M (2014) CFD model prediction of the two-section two-zone
fluidized bed reactor (TS-TZFBR) hydrodynamics. Chem Eng J 248:352–362
54. Kawaguchi T, Miyoshi A, Tanaka T, Tsuji Y (2001) Discrete particle analysis of 2D pulsating
fluidized bed. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, New
Orleans, #838
1 Introduction
31. de Wilde J, de Broqueville A (2008) Experimental investigation of a rotating fluidized bed in
a static geometry. Powder Technol 183(3):426–435
32. Deen NG, Kuipers JAM (2014), Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of mass, momentum and
heat transfer in dense fluid-particle systems. Curr Opin Chem Eng 5:84–89
33. Dong L, Zhao Y, Duan C, Luo Z, Zhang B, Yang X (2014) Characteristics of bubble and
fine coal separation using active pulsing air dense medium fluidized bed. Powder Technol
257:40–46
34. Douady S, Fauve S, Laroche C (1989) Subharmonic instabilities and defects in a granular
layer under vertical vibrations. EPL (Europhys Lett) 8(7):621
35. Enwald H, Peirano E, Almstedt AE (1996) Eulerian two-phase flow theory applied to
fluidization. Int J Multiphase Flow 22:21–66
36. Fan L-S, Zeng L, Wang W, Luo S (2012) Chemical looping processes for CO 2 capture and
carbonaceous fuel conversion–prospect and opportunity. Energy Environ Sci 5(6):7254–7280
37. Faraday M (1831) On a peculiar class of acoustical figures; and on certain forms assumed by
groups of particles upon vibrating elastic surfaces. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 121:299–340
38. Farzaneh M, Almstedt A-E, Johnsson F, Pallarès D, Sasic S (2015) The crucial role of frictional
stress models for simulation of bubbling fluidized beds. Powder Technol 270:68–82
39. Francia V, Wu K, Coppens M-O (2021) Dynamically structured fluidization: Oscillating
the gas flow and other opportunities to intensify gas-solid fluidized bed operation. Chem
Eng Process 159:108143
40. Geldart D (1973) Types of gas fluidization. Powder Technol 7(5):285–292
41. Gidaspow D (1994) Multiphase flow and fluidization: continuum and kinetic theory
descriptions. Academic Press, New York
42. Goldman DI, Shattuck MD, Moon SJ, Swift JB, Swinney HL (2003) Lattice dynamics and
melting of a nonequilibrium pattern. Phys Rev Lett 90(10):104302
43. Goldschmidt M, Beetstra R, Kuipers JAM (2002) Hydrodynamic modelling of dense gasfluidised beds: comparison of the kinetic theory of granular flow with 3D hard-sphere discrete
particle simulations. Chem Eng Sci 57(11):2059–2075
44. Goldshtein A, Shapiro M (1995) Mechanics of collisional motion of granular materials. Part
1. General hydrodynamic equations. J Fluid Mech 282:75–114
45. Grace J, Sun G (1990) Fines concentration in voids in fluidized beds. Powder Technol
62(2):203–205
46. Hernández-Jiménez F, Sánchez-Delgado S, Gómez-García A, Acosta-Iborra A (2011)
Comparison between two-fluid model simulations and particle image analysis & velocimetry
(PIV) results for a two-dimensional gas–solid fluidized bed. Chem Eng Sci 66(17):3753–3772
47. Hristov J (2002) Magnetic field assisted fluidization—a unified approach. Part 1. Fundamentals and relevant hydrodynamics of gas-fluidized beds (batch solids mode). Rev Chem Eng
18(4–5):295-512
48. Hulme I, Clavelle E, van der Lee L, Kantzas A (2005) CFD modeling and validation of bubble
properties for a bubbling fluidized bed. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(12):4254–4266
49. Jenkins JT, Richman MW (1985) Kinetic theory for plane flows of a dense gas of identical,
rough, inelastic, circular disks. Phys Fluids 28(12):3485–3494
50. Jia D, Bi X, Lim CJ, Sokhansanj S, Tsutsumi A (2016) Biomass drying in a pulsed fluidized
bed without inert bed particles. Fuel 186:270–284
51. Jia D, Bi X, Lim CJ, Sokhansanj S, Tsutsumi A (2017) Gas-solid mixing and mass transfer
in a tapered fluidized bed of biomass with pulsed gas flow. Powder Technol 316:373–387
52. Jin H, Tong Z, Zhang J, Zhang B (2004) Homogeneous fluidization characteristics of vibrating
fluidized beds. Can J Chem Eng 82(5):1048–1053
53. Julián I, Herguido J, Menéndez M (2014) CFD model prediction of the two-section two-zone
fluidized bed reactor (TS-TZFBR) hydrodynamics. Chem Eng J 248:352–362
54. Kawaguchi T, Miyoshi A, Tanaka T, Tsuji Y (2001) Discrete particle analysis of 2D pulsating
fluidized bed. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, New
Orleans, #838