Tertiary flotation clarification A dissolved air flotation clarification process,
which is used for advanced or tertiary treatment, with a main purpose of nutrient
removal or wastewater renovation.
Two-stage DAF A series of two consecutive dissolved air flotation treatment using
different chemicals or operational conditions.
Two-stage treatment A series of two consecutive water or wastewater treatment
using different chemicals, operational conditions, or even different unit
processes.
Wastewater renovation Treatment of wastewater to a degree that the wastewater
becomes a useful water resource.
References
1. Shammas NK (1987) Wastewater management and reuse in housing projects. In: Water reuse
symposium IV, implementing water reuse, AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, CO, USA,
pp 1363–1378, 2–7 Aug 1987
2. Metcalf and Eddy, Asano T, Burton SL, Leverenz HL, Tsuchihashi P, Tchobanoglous G (2007)
Water reuse. McGraw Hill, New York, USA
3. Crook J (1991) Regulatory issues associated with reuse practices throughout the world. In:
AWWA 1991 annual conference proceedings, resources, engineering and operations of the
New Decade, Philadelphia, USA, 23–27 June, pp 225–239
4. WPCF (1989) Water reuse. Manual of Practice SM3, Water Pollution Control Federation,
Alexandria, VA, USA
5. Shammas NK, El-Rehaili A (1986) Tertiary filtration of wastewater for use in irrigation. In:
Symposium on the effect of water quality on the Human Health and Agriculture in the G.C.C.
States, Al-Khobar
6. Wang LK, Hung YT, Shammas NK (eds) (2005) Physicochemical treatment processes. The
Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
7. Shammas NK, DeWitt N (1992) Flotation: a viable alternative to sedimentation in wastewater
treatment. In: Water environmental federation 65th annual conference, New Orleans, USA,
20–24 Sept, pp 223–232
8. Wang LK, Fahey EM, Wu Z (2005) Dissolved air flotation. In: Wang LK, Hung YT, Shammas
NK (eds) Physicochemical treatment processes. The Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
9. Krofta M, Wang LK (1984) Development of innovative flotation-filtration systems for water
treatment, Part A: first full-scale Sandfloat Plant in U. S. In: Proceedings of water reuse
symposium III, 26–31 Aug, San Diego, USA, pp 1226–1237
10. Guss D (1991) Improving water quality with flotation/filtration. In: 1991 Nonwoven conference, TAPPI Proc., Technology Park/Atlanta, USA, pp 323–326
11. Wang LK, Shammas NK, Selke WA, Aulenbach DB (2010) Flotation technology. The Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA, p 680
12. Krofta M, Wang LK (1984) Tertiary treatment of secondary effluent by dissolved air flotation
and filtration. In: Civil engineering for practicing and design engineers, vol 3, pp 253–272.
(NTIS-PB83-171165)
13. Krofta M, Wang LK (1986) Wastewater treatment by a biological-physicochemical two-stage
process system. In: Proceedings of the 41st industrial waste conference, IN, USA, 13–15 May
1986
14. Ross CC, Valentine GE Jr. (2015) Coupled biological/dissolved air flotation processes for
treatment of food and dairy processed wastewater. Environmental Treatment Systems, Inc.
http://www.etsenvironmental.com/white-papers/coupled-biological
2 Water Reclamation
69
which is used for advanced or tertiary treatment, with a main purpose of nutrient
removal or wastewater renovation.
Two-stage DAF A series of two consecutive dissolved air flotation treatment using
different chemicals or operational conditions.
Two-stage treatment A series of two consecutive water or wastewater treatment
using different chemicals, operational conditions, or even different unit
processes.
Wastewater renovation Treatment of wastewater to a degree that the wastewater
becomes a useful water resource.
References
1. Shammas NK (1987) Wastewater management and reuse in housing projects. In: Water reuse
symposium IV, implementing water reuse, AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, CO, USA,
pp 1363–1378, 2–7 Aug 1987
2. Metcalf and Eddy, Asano T, Burton SL, Leverenz HL, Tsuchihashi P, Tchobanoglous G (2007)
Water reuse. McGraw Hill, New York, USA
3. Crook J (1991) Regulatory issues associated with reuse practices throughout the world. In:
AWWA 1991 annual conference proceedings, resources, engineering and operations of the
New Decade, Philadelphia, USA, 23–27 June, pp 225–239
4. WPCF (1989) Water reuse. Manual of Practice SM3, Water Pollution Control Federation,
Alexandria, VA, USA
5. Shammas NK, El-Rehaili A (1986) Tertiary filtration of wastewater for use in irrigation. In:
Symposium on the effect of water quality on the Human Health and Agriculture in the G.C.C.
States, Al-Khobar
6. Wang LK, Hung YT, Shammas NK (eds) (2005) Physicochemical treatment processes. The
Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
7. Shammas NK, DeWitt N (1992) Flotation: a viable alternative to sedimentation in wastewater
treatment. In: Water environmental federation 65th annual conference, New Orleans, USA,
20–24 Sept, pp 223–232
8. Wang LK, Fahey EM, Wu Z (2005) Dissolved air flotation. In: Wang LK, Hung YT, Shammas
NK (eds) Physicochemical treatment processes. The Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
9. Krofta M, Wang LK (1984) Development of innovative flotation-filtration systems for water
treatment, Part A: first full-scale Sandfloat Plant in U. S. In: Proceedings of water reuse
symposium III, 26–31 Aug, San Diego, USA, pp 1226–1237
10. Guss D (1991) Improving water quality with flotation/filtration. In: 1991 Nonwoven conference, TAPPI Proc., Technology Park/Atlanta, USA, pp 323–326
11. Wang LK, Shammas NK, Selke WA, Aulenbach DB (2010) Flotation technology. The Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA, p 680
12. Krofta M, Wang LK (1984) Tertiary treatment of secondary effluent by dissolved air flotation
and filtration. In: Civil engineering for practicing and design engineers, vol 3, pp 253–272.
(NTIS-PB83-171165)
13. Krofta M, Wang LK (1986) Wastewater treatment by a biological-physicochemical two-stage
process system. In: Proceedings of the 41st industrial waste conference, IN, USA, 13–15 May
1986
14. Ross CC, Valentine GE Jr. (2015) Coupled biological/dissolved air flotation processes for
treatment of food and dairy processed wastewater. Environmental Treatment Systems, Inc.
http://www.etsenvironmental.com/white-papers/coupled-biological
2 Water Reclamation
69