circular or rectangular. In general this IPCWWTS requires much less land area
than conventional biological secondary treatment systems. Phosphors removal is
inherent in this physicochemical process system.
Indirect emissions Indirect emissions from a building, home or business are those
emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the generation of electricity used in that building. These emissions are called “indirect” because the actual
emissions occur at the power plant which generates the electricity, not at the
building using the electricity.
Industrial Ecology (IE) Industry, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is
“intelligent or clever working” as well as the particular branches of productive
labor. Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the mutual relations
between organisms and their environment. Ecology implies more the webs of
natural forces and organisms, their competition and cooperation, and how they
live off one another. Industrial ecology (IE) is now a branch of systems science
for sustainability, or a framework for designing and operating industrial systems
as sustainable and interdependent with natural systems. It seeks to balance
Industrial production and economic performance with an emerging understanding
of local and global ecological constraints.
Industrial revolution A period of rapid industrial growth with far-reaching social
and economic consequences, beginning in England during the second half of the
eighteenth century and spreading to Europe and later to other countries including
the United States. The industrial revolution marks the beginning of a strong
increase in combustion of fossil fuels and related emissions of carbon dioxide [8].
Industry It is intelligent or clever working as well as the particular branches of
productive labor.
Inflow Water discharged into a sewer system and service connections from sources
other than regular connections. This includes flow from yard drains, foundation
drains and around manhole covers. Inflow differs from infiltration in that it is a
direct discharge into the sewer rather than a leak in the sewer itself.
Influent Wastewater or other liquid—raw (untreated) or partially treated—flowing
into a reservoir, basin, treatment process, or treatment plant.
Infrared radiation Infrared radiation consists of light whose wavelength is longer
than the red color in the visible part of the spectrum, but shorter than microwave
radiation. Infrared radiation can be perceived as heat. The Earth’s surface, the
atmosphere, and clouds all emit infrared radiation, which is also known as
terrestrial or long-wave radiation. In contrast, solar radiation is mainly shortwave radiation because of the temperature of the Sun.
Infrared sludge dryer It is a sludge dewatering process using regular direct radiant
energy from infrared heating elements. Dewatered sludge is transferred from the
dewatering equipment to the dryer by a conveyor belt. The sludge then drops into
the augers, where the auger blades agitate the sludge while infrared heating
elements heat the sludge. This process then repeats once the sludge is dropped
into the secondary drying zone.
Innovative biological wastewater treatment system It normally includes
(a) preliminary treatment units (i.e., screen, comminutor, grit chamber etc., for
12 Glossary of Natural Resources and Environmental Pollution Control
459
than conventional biological secondary treatment systems. Phosphors removal is
inherent in this physicochemical process system.
Indirect emissions Indirect emissions from a building, home or business are those
emissions of greenhouse gases that occur as a result of the generation of electricity used in that building. These emissions are called “indirect” because the actual
emissions occur at the power plant which generates the electricity, not at the
building using the electricity.
Industrial Ecology (IE) Industry, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is
“intelligent or clever working” as well as the particular branches of productive
labor. Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the mutual relations
between organisms and their environment. Ecology implies more the webs of
natural forces and organisms, their competition and cooperation, and how they
live off one another. Industrial ecology (IE) is now a branch of systems science
for sustainability, or a framework for designing and operating industrial systems
as sustainable and interdependent with natural systems. It seeks to balance
Industrial production and economic performance with an emerging understanding
of local and global ecological constraints.
Industrial revolution A period of rapid industrial growth with far-reaching social
and economic consequences, beginning in England during the second half of the
eighteenth century and spreading to Europe and later to other countries including
the United States. The industrial revolution marks the beginning of a strong
increase in combustion of fossil fuels and related emissions of carbon dioxide [8].
Industry It is intelligent or clever working as well as the particular branches of
productive labor.
Inflow Water discharged into a sewer system and service connections from sources
other than regular connections. This includes flow from yard drains, foundation
drains and around manhole covers. Inflow differs from infiltration in that it is a
direct discharge into the sewer rather than a leak in the sewer itself.
Influent Wastewater or other liquid—raw (untreated) or partially treated—flowing
into a reservoir, basin, treatment process, or treatment plant.
Infrared radiation Infrared radiation consists of light whose wavelength is longer
than the red color in the visible part of the spectrum, but shorter than microwave
radiation. Infrared radiation can be perceived as heat. The Earth’s surface, the
atmosphere, and clouds all emit infrared radiation, which is also known as
terrestrial or long-wave radiation. In contrast, solar radiation is mainly shortwave radiation because of the temperature of the Sun.
Infrared sludge dryer It is a sludge dewatering process using regular direct radiant
energy from infrared heating elements. Dewatered sludge is transferred from the
dewatering equipment to the dryer by a conveyor belt. The sludge then drops into
the augers, where the auger blades agitate the sludge while infrared heating
elements heat the sludge. This process then repeats once the sludge is dropped
into the secondary drying zone.
Innovative biological wastewater treatment system It normally includes
(a) preliminary treatment units (i.e., screen, comminutor, grit chamber etc., for
12 Glossary of Natural Resources and Environmental Pollution Control
459