Glossary
Cadmium A minor metallic element, one of the naturally occurring components in
the Earth’s crust and waters and present everywhere in our environment.
Ceramic matrices Materials like clay that can be converted to ceramics after hightemperature treatment.
Detoxification The act of detoxifying.
Heavy metal A general term which applies to the group of metals and metalloids
and it has an atomic density more prominent than 4000 kg/m
3 .
Pollution control A wide range of techniques, solutions, practices, and services for
treating wastewater and waste.
Sintering Using heat or pressure to form a solid mass of material, without melting
the material to the point of liquefying.
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) The process utilizes chemically reactive formulations that, together with the water and other components in sludges and other
aqueous hazardous wastes, form stable solids.
Thermal stabilization A heating process for metal incorporation into certain stable
products.
XRD analysis A technique that can provide both qualitative and quantitative
information on the phases in a tested sample.
References
1. Guney M, Zagury GJ (2012) Heavy metals in toys and low-cost jewelry: critical review of US
and Canadian legislations and recommendations for testing. Environ Sci Technol 46
(8):4265–4274
2. Järup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1):167–182
3. Jensen DL, Holm P, Christensen TH (2000) Soil and groundwater contamination with heavy
metals at two scrap iron and metal recycling facilities. Waste Manage Res 18(1):52–63
4. Lee M-H, Cho K, Shah AP, Biswas P (2005) Nanostructured sorbents for capture of cadmium
species in combustion environments. Environ Sci Technol 39(21):8481–8489
5. Romero-González ME, Williams CJ, Gardiner PH (2001) Study of the mechanisms of
cadmium biosorption by dealginated seaweed waste. Environ Sci Technol 35(14):3025–3030
6. Fowler BA (2009) Monitoring of human populations for early markers of cadmium toxicity: a
review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 238(3):294–300
7. Shiraishi Y (1975) Cytogenetic studies in 12 patients with Itai-Itai disease. Humangenetik 27
(1):31–44
8. Cartledge FK, Butler LG, Chalasani D, Eaton HC, Frey FP, Herrera E, Marty E (1990)
Immobilization mechanisms in solidifiction/stabilization of cadmium and lead salts using
portland cement fixing agents. Environ Sci Technol 24(6):867–873
9. Gale TK, Wendt JO (2005) In-furnace capture of cadmium and other semi-volatile metals by
sorbents. Proc Combust Inst 30(2):2999–3007
10. Kuo J-H, Lin C-L, Wey M-Y (2009) Effects of agglomeration processes on the emission
characteristics of heavy metals under different waste compositions and the addition of Al and
Ca inhibitors in fluidized bed incineration. Energy Fuel 23(9):4325–4336
7 Advances in Cadmium Detoxification/Stabilization by Sintering with Ceramic. . .
317
Cadmium A minor metallic element, one of the naturally occurring components in
the Earth’s crust and waters and present everywhere in our environment.
Ceramic matrices Materials like clay that can be converted to ceramics after hightemperature treatment.
Detoxification The act of detoxifying.
Heavy metal A general term which applies to the group of metals and metalloids
and it has an atomic density more prominent than 4000 kg/m
3 .
Pollution control A wide range of techniques, solutions, practices, and services for
treating wastewater and waste.
Sintering Using heat or pressure to form a solid mass of material, without melting
the material to the point of liquefying.
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) The process utilizes chemically reactive formulations that, together with the water and other components in sludges and other
aqueous hazardous wastes, form stable solids.
Thermal stabilization A heating process for metal incorporation into certain stable
products.
XRD analysis A technique that can provide both qualitative and quantitative
information on the phases in a tested sample.
References
1. Guney M, Zagury GJ (2012) Heavy metals in toys and low-cost jewelry: critical review of US
and Canadian legislations and recommendations for testing. Environ Sci Technol 46
(8):4265–4274
2. Järup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1):167–182
3. Jensen DL, Holm P, Christensen TH (2000) Soil and groundwater contamination with heavy
metals at two scrap iron and metal recycling facilities. Waste Manage Res 18(1):52–63
4. Lee M-H, Cho K, Shah AP, Biswas P (2005) Nanostructured sorbents for capture of cadmium
species in combustion environments. Environ Sci Technol 39(21):8481–8489
5. Romero-González ME, Williams CJ, Gardiner PH (2001) Study of the mechanisms of
cadmium biosorption by dealginated seaweed waste. Environ Sci Technol 35(14):3025–3030
6. Fowler BA (2009) Monitoring of human populations for early markers of cadmium toxicity: a
review. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 238(3):294–300
7. Shiraishi Y (1975) Cytogenetic studies in 12 patients with Itai-Itai disease. Humangenetik 27
(1):31–44
8. Cartledge FK, Butler LG, Chalasani D, Eaton HC, Frey FP, Herrera E, Marty E (1990)
Immobilization mechanisms in solidifiction/stabilization of cadmium and lead salts using
portland cement fixing agents. Environ Sci Technol 24(6):867–873
9. Gale TK, Wendt JO (2005) In-furnace capture of cadmium and other semi-volatile metals by
sorbents. Proc Combust Inst 30(2):2999–3007
10. Kuo J-H, Lin C-L, Wey M-Y (2009) Effects of agglomeration processes on the emission
characteristics of heavy metals under different waste compositions and the addition of Al and
Ca inhibitors in fluidized bed incineration. Energy Fuel 23(9):4325–4336
7 Advances in Cadmium Detoxification/Stabilization by Sintering with Ceramic. . .
317