Table 4.2 Regulated Chemicals That Cause Endocrine Disruption (U. S. EPA, 8)
Chemical
MCLG
mg/L
MCL
mg/L
Source
Health Effect
Atrazine
0.003
0.003
Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops
Cardiovascular system;
reproductive problems
Benzo(a)pyrene
(PAHs)
0.0
0.0002
Leaching from linings
of storage tanks and
distribution lines
Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of
cancer
Carbofuran
0.04
0.04
Leaching of soil
fumigant used on rice
and alfalfa
Problems with blood,
nervous system and
reproductive system
2,4-D
0.07
0.07
Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops
Kidney, liver and adrenal gland problems
1,2-Dibromo-3chloropropane
(DBCP)
0.0
0.0002
Runoff/leaching from
soil fumigant used on
soybeans, cotton,
pineapple and
orchards
Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of
cancer
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
0.4
0.4
Discharge from
chemical factories
General toxic effects;
reproductive
difficulties
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
0.0
0.006
Discharge from rubber and chemical
factories
Reproductive difficulties; liver problems;
increased risk of cancer
Dinoseb
0.007
0.007
Runoff from herbicide
used on soybeans and
vegetables
Reproductive
difficulties
Dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD)
0.0
0.00000003 Emissions from incineration; discharge of
chemical factories
Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of
cancer
Ethylene dibromide 0.0
0.00005
Discharge from petroleum refineries
Problems with liver1
stomach, reproductive
system and kidneys;
increased risk of cancer
Glyphosate
0.7
0.7
Runoff from herbicide
use
Kidney problems;
reproductive
difficulties
Hexachlorobenzene 0.0
0.001
Discharge from metal
refineries and agricultural chemical
factories
Liver or kidney problems; reproductive difficulties; increased risk
of cancer
Methoxychlor
0.04
0.04
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on
fruits/vegetables/
livestock
Reproductive
difficulties
Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
0.0
0.0005
Runoff from landfills;
discharge of waste
chemicals
Skin changes; thymus
gland problems;
immune deficiencies;
reproductive or nervous
system difficulties;
increased risk of cancer
(continued)
4 Endocrine Disruptors
179
Chemical
MCLG
mg/L
MCL
mg/L
Source
Health Effect
Atrazine
0.003
0.003
Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops
Cardiovascular system;
reproductive problems
Benzo(a)pyrene
(PAHs)
0.0
0.0002
Leaching from linings
of storage tanks and
distribution lines
Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of
cancer
Carbofuran
0.04
0.04
Leaching of soil
fumigant used on rice
and alfalfa
Problems with blood,
nervous system and
reproductive system
2,4-D
0.07
0.07
Runoff from herbicide
used on row crops
Kidney, liver and adrenal gland problems
1,2-Dibromo-3chloropropane
(DBCP)
0.0
0.0002
Runoff/leaching from
soil fumigant used on
soybeans, cotton,
pineapple and
orchards
Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of
cancer
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
adipate
0.4
0.4
Discharge from
chemical factories
General toxic effects;
reproductive
difficulties
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate
0.0
0.006
Discharge from rubber and chemical
factories
Reproductive difficulties; liver problems;
increased risk of cancer
Dinoseb
0.007
0.007
Runoff from herbicide
used on soybeans and
vegetables
Reproductive
difficulties
Dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD)
0.0
0.00000003 Emissions from incineration; discharge of
chemical factories
Reproductive difficulties; increased risk of
cancer
Ethylene dibromide 0.0
0.00005
Discharge from petroleum refineries
Problems with liver1
stomach, reproductive
system and kidneys;
increased risk of cancer
Glyphosate
0.7
0.7
Runoff from herbicide
use
Kidney problems;
reproductive
difficulties
Hexachlorobenzene 0.0
0.001
Discharge from metal
refineries and agricultural chemical
factories
Liver or kidney problems; reproductive difficulties; increased risk
of cancer
Methoxychlor
0.04
0.04
Runoff/leaching from
insecticide used on
fruits/vegetables/
livestock
Reproductive
difficulties
Polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)
0.0
0.0005
Runoff from landfills;
discharge of waste
chemicals
Skin changes; thymus
gland problems;
immune deficiencies;
reproductive or nervous
system difficulties;
increased risk of cancer
(continued)
4 Endocrine Disruptors
179