54. Zhi Huang Z, Ong SL, Ng HY (2012) Submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for
low-strength wastewater treatment: effect of HRT and SRT on treatment performance and
membrane fouling. Water Res 45(2):705–714
55. Kovalova L, Siegrest H, Singer H, Wittmer A, McArdel CS (2012) Hospital wastewater
treatment by membrane bioreactor: performance and efficiency for organic micropollutant
elimination. Environ Sci Technol 46(3):1536–1545
56. U.S. EPA (2013) Emerging technologies for wastewater treatment and in-plant wet weather
management. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 832-R-12-011 Washington, D.C.,
USA
57. Wang LK, Pereira N, Hung YT (eds) (2009) Biological treatment processes. The Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
58. Wang LK, Shammas NK, Hung YT (2009) Advanced biological treatment processes.
The Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
59. Shammas NK, Wang LK (2005) Aerobic and anaerobic attached growth biotechnology. In:
Wang LK, Hwa TJ, Ivanov V, Hung YT (eds) Environmental biotechnology. The Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
60. U. S. EPA Trickling Filter-Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 832-F-00-014, Office of Water, Washington, DC, USA, September (2000)
61. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (2014) Wastewater treatment plant
operator training module 20: trickling filters. Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater
Management, Harrisburg, PA, USA
62. Eckenfelder WW, O’Connor DJ (1964) Biological waste treatment. Pergamon Press,
New York, USA, pp 221–247
63. UNEP (2014) Trickling filtration, International source book on environmentally sound technologies for wastewater and stormwater management. United Nations Environment
Programme, Geneva, Switzerland
64. Dai Y, Constantinou A, Griffiths P (2013) Enhanced nitrogen removal in trickling filter plant.
CH2M Hill, Milton, Queensland, Australia
65. Beer C, Wang LK, Bergenthal J (1976) Kinetics and control tests of nitrification-denitrification
process, pall II: respiration and control tests. Proceedings of the Institute of Environmental
Sciences 22:501–508
66. Wang LK, Wang MHS, Poon CPC, Bergenthal J (1978) Chemistry of nitrificationdenitrification process. J Environ Sci 21:23–28
67. Christensen DR, McCarty PL (1975) Multi-process biological treatment model. J Water Pollut
Control Fed 47:2652
68. Wang LK, Vielkind P, Wang MHS (1978) Mathematical models of dissolved oxygen concentration in fresh water. Ecol Model 5:115
69. Wang LK, Wang MHS, Poon CPC (1980) Theoretical and empirical developments of attached
growth biological systems, part I. US Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information
Service, VA, USA, Tech. Report No. PB81-130577, 86 pp, March
70. Wang LK, Bergenthal J, Wang MHS (1981) Predicting the dispersion of airborne effluents for
environmental management. J Environ Sci 24(1):39
71. Krofta M, Wang LK (1984) Development of innovative sandfloat system for water purification
and pollution control. ASPE J Eng Plumbing 0(1):1–16
72. Bungay HR III, Harold DB Jr (1971) Simulation of oxygen transfer in microbial slimes.
Biotechnol Bioengineering 8:569
73. Pierce DM (1978) Upgrading trickling filters. US Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC, USA, 62 pp
74. Imboff K, Fair GM (1956) Sewage treatment, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, USA
75. Antonie RL (1970) Application of the bio-disc process to treatment of domestic wastewater.
Technical paper presented at the 43rd annual conference of the water pollution control
federation, Boston, MA, USA, October 4–9
3 Biological Processes
163
low-strength wastewater treatment: effect of HRT and SRT on treatment performance and
membrane fouling. Water Res 45(2):705–714
55. Kovalova L, Siegrest H, Singer H, Wittmer A, McArdel CS (2012) Hospital wastewater
treatment by membrane bioreactor: performance and efficiency for organic micropollutant
elimination. Environ Sci Technol 46(3):1536–1545
56. U.S. EPA (2013) Emerging technologies for wastewater treatment and in-plant wet weather
management. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 832-R-12-011 Washington, D.C.,
USA
57. Wang LK, Pereira N, Hung YT (eds) (2009) Biological treatment processes. The Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
58. Wang LK, Shammas NK, Hung YT (2009) Advanced biological treatment processes.
The Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
59. Shammas NK, Wang LK (2005) Aerobic and anaerobic attached growth biotechnology. In:
Wang LK, Hwa TJ, Ivanov V, Hung YT (eds) Environmental biotechnology. The Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ, USA
60. U. S. EPA Trickling Filter-Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 832-F-00-014, Office of Water, Washington, DC, USA, September (2000)
61. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (2014) Wastewater treatment plant
operator training module 20: trickling filters. Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater
Management, Harrisburg, PA, USA
62. Eckenfelder WW, O’Connor DJ (1964) Biological waste treatment. Pergamon Press,
New York, USA, pp 221–247
63. UNEP (2014) Trickling filtration, International source book on environmentally sound technologies for wastewater and stormwater management. United Nations Environment
Programme, Geneva, Switzerland
64. Dai Y, Constantinou A, Griffiths P (2013) Enhanced nitrogen removal in trickling filter plant.
CH2M Hill, Milton, Queensland, Australia
65. Beer C, Wang LK, Bergenthal J (1976) Kinetics and control tests of nitrification-denitrification
process, pall II: respiration and control tests. Proceedings of the Institute of Environmental
Sciences 22:501–508
66. Wang LK, Wang MHS, Poon CPC, Bergenthal J (1978) Chemistry of nitrificationdenitrification process. J Environ Sci 21:23–28
67. Christensen DR, McCarty PL (1975) Multi-process biological treatment model. J Water Pollut
Control Fed 47:2652
68. Wang LK, Vielkind P, Wang MHS (1978) Mathematical models of dissolved oxygen concentration in fresh water. Ecol Model 5:115
69. Wang LK, Wang MHS, Poon CPC (1980) Theoretical and empirical developments of attached
growth biological systems, part I. US Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information
Service, VA, USA, Tech. Report No. PB81-130577, 86 pp, March
70. Wang LK, Bergenthal J, Wang MHS (1981) Predicting the dispersion of airborne effluents for
environmental management. J Environ Sci 24(1):39
71. Krofta M, Wang LK (1984) Development of innovative sandfloat system for water purification
and pollution control. ASPE J Eng Plumbing 0(1):1–16
72. Bungay HR III, Harold DB Jr (1971) Simulation of oxygen transfer in microbial slimes.
Biotechnol Bioengineering 8:569
73. Pierce DM (1978) Upgrading trickling filters. US Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC, USA, 62 pp
74. Imboff K, Fair GM (1956) Sewage treatment, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, USA
75. Antonie RL (1970) Application of the bio-disc process to treatment of domestic wastewater.
Technical paper presented at the 43rd annual conference of the water pollution control
federation, Boston, MA, USA, October 4–9
3 Biological Processes
163