31. Toerber ED (1974) Comparison of completely mixed and plug flow biological systems.
J Water Pollut Control Fed 46:1995
32. Fazadkia M, Mahvi AH (2004) Comparison of extended aeration activated sludge process
and activated sludge with lime addition method for biosolids stabilization. Pak J Biol Sci
7(12):2061–2065
33. KEE Group of Companies. Extended aeration. Waste Water Solutions International Inc.,
Ellicott City. http://www.keeprocess.com/html/extended_aeration.html. Accessed 2015
34. USFilter. Biological treatment-extended aeration. US Filter Corporation, Warrendale. http://
www.usfilter.com/water/Corporate/Technologies/biological_extended_aeration_technologies.
Accessed 2015
35. Rich LG (1963) Unit processes of sanitary engineering. Wiley, New York
36. Metcalf and Eddy (2003) Wastewater engineering treatment and reuse, 4th edn. McGraw Hill,
New York
37. Balmer P (1967) J Water Pollut Control Fed 39:1021
38. Wastewater Information Website. Oxidation ditch - activated sludge treatment process. http://
waterfacts.net/Unit_Processes/Oxidation_Ditch/oxidation_ditch.html. Accessed 2015
39. Bertanza G (1997) Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification process in extended aeration
plants: pilot and real scale experience. Water Sci Technol 35(6):53–61
40. Collivignarelli C, Bertanza G (1999) Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes in
activated sludge plants: performance and applicability. Water Sci Technol 40(4/5):187–194
41. Zipperm T, Fleischmann N, Haberl R (1998) Development of a new system for control and
optimization of small wastewater treatment plants using oxidation-reduction potential. Water
Sci Technol 38(3):307–314
42. Charpentier J, Godart H, Martin G, Mogno Y (1989) Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)
regulation as a way to optimize aeration and C, N and P removal: experimental basis and
various full-scale examples. Water Sci Technol 21:1209–1223
43. Jones RM, Sen D, Lambert R (1998) Full scale evaluation of nitrification performance in an
integrated fixed activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 38(1):71–78
44. Barros PR, Carlsson B (1998) Iterative design of a nitrate controller using an external carbon
source in an activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 38(1):71–78
45. Wang LK, Shammas NK (2005) Single-sludge biological systems for nutrients removal. In:
Wang LK, Shammas NK, Hung YT (eds) Advanced biological treatment processes. Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa
46. Liu Y, Tay JH, Lin YM, Hung YT (2005) Biological nitrification and denitrification processes.
In: Wang LK, Pereira NC, Hung YT (eds) Biological treatment processes. Humana Press, Inc.,
Totowa
47. Gerardi MH (2001) Nitrification and denitrification in the activated sludge process. WileyInterscience, New York
48. Wang LK, Menon R (2005) Membrane bioreactor. In: Wang LK, Shammas NK, Hung YT
(eds) Advanced biological treatment processes. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa
49. Stephenson T, Judd S, Jeferson B, Brindle K (2000) Membrane bioreactors for wastewater
treatment. IWA Publishing, London
50. Urbain V, Mobarry B, de Silva V, Stahl DA, Rittmann BE, Manem J (1998) Integration of
performance, molecular biology and modeling to describe the activated sludge process. Water
Sci Technol 37(3):223–229
51. Rosenberger S, Kruger U, Witzig R, Manz W, Szewzyk U, Kraumea M (2002) Performance of
a bioreactor with submerged membranes for aerobic treatment of municipal waste water.
Water Res 36:413–420
52. Yang J (2015) Membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment, Bookboon.com, London,
U.K. http://bookboon.com/en/membrane-bioreactor-for-wastewater-treatmentebook#download
53. Achilli A, Cath TY, Marchand EA, Childress AE (2009) The forward osmosis membrane
bioreactor: a low fouling alternative to MBR processes. Desalination 239(1–3):10–21
162
L. K. Wang et al.
J Water Pollut Control Fed 46:1995
32. Fazadkia M, Mahvi AH (2004) Comparison of extended aeration activated sludge process
and activated sludge with lime addition method for biosolids stabilization. Pak J Biol Sci
7(12):2061–2065
33. KEE Group of Companies. Extended aeration. Waste Water Solutions International Inc.,
Ellicott City. http://www.keeprocess.com/html/extended_aeration.html. Accessed 2015
34. USFilter. Biological treatment-extended aeration. US Filter Corporation, Warrendale. http://
www.usfilter.com/water/Corporate/Technologies/biological_extended_aeration_technologies.
Accessed 2015
35. Rich LG (1963) Unit processes of sanitary engineering. Wiley, New York
36. Metcalf and Eddy (2003) Wastewater engineering treatment and reuse, 4th edn. McGraw Hill,
New York
37. Balmer P (1967) J Water Pollut Control Fed 39:1021
38. Wastewater Information Website. Oxidation ditch - activated sludge treatment process. http://
waterfacts.net/Unit_Processes/Oxidation_Ditch/oxidation_ditch.html. Accessed 2015
39. Bertanza G (1997) Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification process in extended aeration
plants: pilot and real scale experience. Water Sci Technol 35(6):53–61
40. Collivignarelli C, Bertanza G (1999) Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes in
activated sludge plants: performance and applicability. Water Sci Technol 40(4/5):187–194
41. Zipperm T, Fleischmann N, Haberl R (1998) Development of a new system for control and
optimization of small wastewater treatment plants using oxidation-reduction potential. Water
Sci Technol 38(3):307–314
42. Charpentier J, Godart H, Martin G, Mogno Y (1989) Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP)
regulation as a way to optimize aeration and C, N and P removal: experimental basis and
various full-scale examples. Water Sci Technol 21:1209–1223
43. Jones RM, Sen D, Lambert R (1998) Full scale evaluation of nitrification performance in an
integrated fixed activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 38(1):71–78
44. Barros PR, Carlsson B (1998) Iterative design of a nitrate controller using an external carbon
source in an activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 38(1):71–78
45. Wang LK, Shammas NK (2005) Single-sludge biological systems for nutrients removal. In:
Wang LK, Shammas NK, Hung YT (eds) Advanced biological treatment processes. Humana
Press, Inc., Totowa
46. Liu Y, Tay JH, Lin YM, Hung YT (2005) Biological nitrification and denitrification processes.
In: Wang LK, Pereira NC, Hung YT (eds) Biological treatment processes. Humana Press, Inc.,
Totowa
47. Gerardi MH (2001) Nitrification and denitrification in the activated sludge process. WileyInterscience, New York
48. Wang LK, Menon R (2005) Membrane bioreactor. In: Wang LK, Shammas NK, Hung YT
(eds) Advanced biological treatment processes. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa
49. Stephenson T, Judd S, Jeferson B, Brindle K (2000) Membrane bioreactors for wastewater
treatment. IWA Publishing, London
50. Urbain V, Mobarry B, de Silva V, Stahl DA, Rittmann BE, Manem J (1998) Integration of
performance, molecular biology and modeling to describe the activated sludge process. Water
Sci Technol 37(3):223–229
51. Rosenberger S, Kruger U, Witzig R, Manz W, Szewzyk U, Kraumea M (2002) Performance of
a bioreactor with submerged membranes for aerobic treatment of municipal waste water.
Water Res 36:413–420
52. Yang J (2015) Membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment, Bookboon.com, London,
U.K. http://bookboon.com/en/membrane-bioreactor-for-wastewater-treatmentebook#download
53. Achilli A, Cath TY, Marchand EA, Childress AE (2009) The forward osmosis membrane
bioreactor: a low fouling alternative to MBR processes. Desalination 239(1–3):10–21
162
L. K. Wang et al.