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Hoegh-Guldberg O (1999) Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world’s coral reefs.
Mar Freshw Res 50(8):839–866
Hoegh-Guldberg O (2011) The impact of climate change on coral reef ecosystems. In Coral reefs:
an ecosystem in transition by Z Dubinsky and N Stambler (eds). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94007-0114-4_22
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Smith GJ (1989) The effect of sudden changes in temperature, light and salinity
on the population density and export of zooxanthellae from the reef corals Stylophora pistillata
Esper and Seriatopora hystrix Dana. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 129(3):279–303. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0022-0981(89)90109-3
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, Steneck RS, Greenfield P, Gomez E, Harvell CD, Sale
PF, Edwards AJ, Caldeira K, Knowlton N, Eakin CM, Iglesias-Prieto R, Muthiga N, Bradbury
RH, Dubi A, Hatziolos ME (2007) Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification.
Science 318(5857):1737–1742. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152509
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Andréfouët S, Fabricius KE, Diaz-Pulido G, Lough JM, Marshall PA, Pratchett
MS (2011) Vulnerability of coral reefs in the tropical Pacific to climate change. In: JD Bell, JE
Johnson and AJ Hobday (eds) Vulnerability of tropical fisheries and aquaculture to climate change.
secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia, Chap 5
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Poloczanska ES, Skiirving W, Dove S (2017) Coral reef ecosystems under
climate change and ocean acidification. Front Mar Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00158
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Pendleton L, Kaup A (2019) People and the changing nature of coral reefs.
Reg Stud Mar Sci 30:100699. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100699
Holden HM (1999) An analysis of in-situ observations of spectral reflectance characteristics of
coral reef features in Fiji and Indonesia. PhD thesis, Department of Geography, University of
Waterloo, Canada
Howard LS, Brown BE (1984) Heavy metals and reef corals. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 22:195–
210
Houlbréque F, Ferrier-Pagés C (2009) Heterotrophy in tropical scleractinian corals. Biol Rev 84:1–
17
Hughes TP, Baird AH, Bellwood DR, Card M, Connolly SR, Folke C, Grosberg R, Hoegh-Guldberg
O, Jackson JBC, Kleypas J, Lough JM, Marshall P, Nyström M, Palumbi SR, Pandolfi JM, Rosen
B, Roughgarden J (2003) Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs.
Science 301:929–933. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085046
Hughes AD, Grottoli AG, Pease TK, Matsui Y (2010) Acquisition and assimilation of carbon in
non-bleached and bleached corals. Mar Ecol-Prog Series 420:91–101. https://doi.org/10.3354/
meps08866
Hughes AD, Grottoli AG (2013) Heterotrophic compensation: a possible mechanism for resilience
of coral reefs to global warming or a sign of prolonged stress? PLoS ONE 8(11): https://doi.org/
10.1371/journal.pone.0081172
Hughes TP, Kerry JT, Alvarez-Noriega M, Alvarez-Romero JG, Anderson KD, Baird AH et al
(2017) Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals. Nature 543:373–377. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature21707
Hughes TP, Anderson KD, Connolly SR, Heron SF, Kerry JT, Lough JM et al (2018) Spatial and
temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene. Science 359:80
Hume BCC, D Angelo C, Smith EG, Stevens JR, Burt J, Wiedenmann J (2015) Symbiodinium
thermophilum sp. nov., a thermotolerant symbiotic alga prevalent in corals of the world’s hottest
sea, the Persian/Arabian Gulf. Sci Rep 5:8562. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08562
IPCC (2007) https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_full_report.pdf
IPCC (2013) “Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner
G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J et al (eds) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change. (Cambridge; New York,
NY: Cambridge University Press)
Ishimatsu A, Hayashi M, Kikkawa T (2008) Fishes in high-CO 2 acidified oceans. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 373:295–302
47
Hoegh-Guldberg O (1999) Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world’s coral reefs.
Mar Freshw Res 50(8):839–866
Hoegh-Guldberg O (2011) The impact of climate change on coral reef ecosystems. In Coral reefs:
an ecosystem in transition by Z Dubinsky and N Stambler (eds). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94007-0114-4_22
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Smith GJ (1989) The effect of sudden changes in temperature, light and salinity
on the population density and export of zooxanthellae from the reef corals Stylophora pistillata
Esper and Seriatopora hystrix Dana. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 129(3):279–303. https://doi.org/10.
1016/0022-0981(89)90109-3
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, Steneck RS, Greenfield P, Gomez E, Harvell CD, Sale
PF, Edwards AJ, Caldeira K, Knowlton N, Eakin CM, Iglesias-Prieto R, Muthiga N, Bradbury
RH, Dubi A, Hatziolos ME (2007) Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification.
Science 318(5857):1737–1742. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152509
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Andréfouët S, Fabricius KE, Diaz-Pulido G, Lough JM, Marshall PA, Pratchett
MS (2011) Vulnerability of coral reefs in the tropical Pacific to climate change. In: JD Bell, JE
Johnson and AJ Hobday (eds) Vulnerability of tropical fisheries and aquaculture to climate change.
secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia, Chap 5
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Poloczanska ES, Skiirving W, Dove S (2017) Coral reef ecosystems under
climate change and ocean acidification. Front Mar Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00158
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Pendleton L, Kaup A (2019) People and the changing nature of coral reefs.
Reg Stud Mar Sci 30:100699. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100699
Holden HM (1999) An analysis of in-situ observations of spectral reflectance characteristics of
coral reef features in Fiji and Indonesia. PhD thesis, Department of Geography, University of
Waterloo, Canada
Howard LS, Brown BE (1984) Heavy metals and reef corals. Oceanogr Mar Biol Annu Rev 22:195–
210
Houlbréque F, Ferrier-Pagés C (2009) Heterotrophy in tropical scleractinian corals. Biol Rev 84:1–
17
Hughes TP, Baird AH, Bellwood DR, Card M, Connolly SR, Folke C, Grosberg R, Hoegh-Guldberg
O, Jackson JBC, Kleypas J, Lough JM, Marshall P, Nyström M, Palumbi SR, Pandolfi JM, Rosen
B, Roughgarden J (2003) Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs.
Science 301:929–933. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085046
Hughes AD, Grottoli AG, Pease TK, Matsui Y (2010) Acquisition and assimilation of carbon in
non-bleached and bleached corals. Mar Ecol-Prog Series 420:91–101. https://doi.org/10.3354/
meps08866
Hughes AD, Grottoli AG (2013) Heterotrophic compensation: a possible mechanism for resilience
of coral reefs to global warming or a sign of prolonged stress? PLoS ONE 8(11): https://doi.org/
10.1371/journal.pone.0081172
Hughes TP, Kerry JT, Alvarez-Noriega M, Alvarez-Romero JG, Anderson KD, Baird AH et al
(2017) Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals. Nature 543:373–377. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature21707
Hughes TP, Anderson KD, Connolly SR, Heron SF, Kerry JT, Lough JM et al (2018) Spatial and
temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene. Science 359:80
Hume BCC, D Angelo C, Smith EG, Stevens JR, Burt J, Wiedenmann J (2015) Symbiodinium
thermophilum sp. nov., a thermotolerant symbiotic alga prevalent in corals of the world’s hottest
sea, the Persian/Arabian Gulf. Sci Rep 5:8562. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08562
IPCC (2007) https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_full_report.pdf
IPCC (2013) “Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner
G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J et al (eds) Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change. (Cambridge; New York,
NY: Cambridge University Press)
Ishimatsu A, Hayashi M, Kikkawa T (2008) Fishes in high-CO 2 acidified oceans. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 373:295–302