46
2 Coral Reef Ecosystem
Ferrario F, Beck MW, Storlazzi CD, Micheli F, Shepard CC, Airoldi L (2014) The effectiveness
of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Nat Commun 5:3794. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ncomms4794
Fey P, Bustamante P, Bosserelle P, Espiau B, Malau A, Mercader M, Wafo E, Letourneur Y (2019)
Does trophic level drive organic and metallic contamination in coral reef organisms? Sci Total
Environ 667:208–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.311
Fine M, Loya Y (2002) Endolithic algae: an alternative source of photo assimilates during coral
bleaching. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 269:1497. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.1983
Fisher R, O’Leary RA, Low-Choy S, Mengersen K, Knowlton N, Brainard RE, Caley MJ (2015)
Species richness on coral reefs and the pursuit of convergent global estimates. Curr Biol 25:500–
505
Fitt WK, Warner ME (1995) Bleaching patterns of four species of Caribbean reef corals. Biol Bull
189:298–307
Fitt WK, Brown BE, Warner ME, Dunne RP (2001) Coral bleaching: interpretation of thermal
tolerance limits and thermal thresholds in tropical corals. Coral Reefs 20:51–65
Fonseca JS, Marangoni LFB, Marques JA, Bianchini A (2017) Effects of increasing temperature
alone and combined with copper exposure on biochemical and physiological parameters in the
zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Mussismilia harttii. Aquat Toxicol 190:121–132
Fonseca JS, Marangoni LFB, Marques JA, Bianchini A (2019) Carbonic anhydrase activity as a
potential biomarker for acute exposure to copper in corals. Chemosphere 227:598–605. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.089
Ganot P, Moya A, Magnone V, Allemand D, Furla P, Sabourault C (2011) Adaptations to endosymbiosis in a cnidarian dinoflagellate association: differential gene expression and specific gene
duplications. PLoS Genet 7(7):E1002187. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002187
Gardener TA, Côté IM, Gill JA, Grant A, Watkinson AR (2003) Long term region-wide declines in
Carribbean corals. Science 301:958–960. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1086050
Garren M, Son K, Raina JB, Rusconi R, Menolascina F, Shapiro OH, Tout J, Bourne DG, Seymour
JR, Stocker R (2013) A bacterial pathogen uses dimethylsulphoniopropionate as a cue to target
heat-stressed corals. Int Soc Microb Ecol: 1–9
Genin A, Jaffe JS, Reef R, Richter C, Franks PJ (2005) Swimming against the flow: a mechanism
of zooplankton aggregation. Science 308:860–862
Glynn PW (1996) Coral reef bleaching: facts, hypotheses and implications. Glob Change Biol
2:495–509
Goreau TJ (1977) Coral skeletal chemistry: physiological and environmental regulation of stable
isotopes and trace metals in Montastrea annularis. Proc R Soc Lond B 196:291–315
Goreau TF, Goreau NI, Yonge CM (1971) Reef corals: autotrophs or heterotrophs? Biol Bull
141:247–260. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540115
Grottoli AG, Rodrigues LJ, Palardy JE (2006) Heterotrophic plasticity and resilience in bleached
corals. Nature 440:1186–1189
Grottoli AG, Warner ME, Levas SJ, Aschaffenburg MD, Schoepf V, McGinley M, Maumann J,
Matsui Y (2014) The cumulative impact of annual coral bleaching can turn some coral species
winners into losers. Glob Change Biol 20:3823–3833
Guzman HM, Jimenez CE (1992) Contamination of coral reefs by heavy metals along the Caribbean
coast of Central-America (Costa Rica and Panama). Mar Pollut Bull 24:554–561
Hamner W, Jones M, Carleton J, Hauri I, Williams DM (1988) Zooplankton, planktivorous fish, and
water currents on a windward reef face: Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Bull Mar Sci 42:459–479
Haynes D, Muller J, Carters S (2000) Pesticide and herbicide residues in sediments and seagrasses
from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland coast. Mar Pollut Bull 41:279–
287
Hédouin L, Metain M, Gates RD (2011) Ecotoxicological approach for assessing the contamination
of a Hawaiin coral reef ecosystem (Honulua Bay, Maui) by metals and a metalloid. Marine
Environmental Research 71:149–161
2 Coral Reef Ecosystem
Ferrario F, Beck MW, Storlazzi CD, Micheli F, Shepard CC, Airoldi L (2014) The effectiveness
of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Nat Commun 5:3794. https://doi.
org/10.1038/ncomms4794
Fey P, Bustamante P, Bosserelle P, Espiau B, Malau A, Mercader M, Wafo E, Letourneur Y (2019)
Does trophic level drive organic and metallic contamination in coral reef organisms? Sci Total
Environ 667:208–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.311
Fine M, Loya Y (2002) Endolithic algae: an alternative source of photo assimilates during coral
bleaching. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 269:1497. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.1983
Fisher R, O’Leary RA, Low-Choy S, Mengersen K, Knowlton N, Brainard RE, Caley MJ (2015)
Species richness on coral reefs and the pursuit of convergent global estimates. Curr Biol 25:500–
505
Fitt WK, Warner ME (1995) Bleaching patterns of four species of Caribbean reef corals. Biol Bull
189:298–307
Fitt WK, Brown BE, Warner ME, Dunne RP (2001) Coral bleaching: interpretation of thermal
tolerance limits and thermal thresholds in tropical corals. Coral Reefs 20:51–65
Fonseca JS, Marangoni LFB, Marques JA, Bianchini A (2017) Effects of increasing temperature
alone and combined with copper exposure on biochemical and physiological parameters in the
zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Mussismilia harttii. Aquat Toxicol 190:121–132
Fonseca JS, Marangoni LFB, Marques JA, Bianchini A (2019) Carbonic anhydrase activity as a
potential biomarker for acute exposure to copper in corals. Chemosphere 227:598–605. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.089
Ganot P, Moya A, Magnone V, Allemand D, Furla P, Sabourault C (2011) Adaptations to endosymbiosis in a cnidarian dinoflagellate association: differential gene expression and specific gene
duplications. PLoS Genet 7(7):E1002187. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1002187
Gardener TA, Côté IM, Gill JA, Grant A, Watkinson AR (2003) Long term region-wide declines in
Carribbean corals. Science 301:958–960. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1086050
Garren M, Son K, Raina JB, Rusconi R, Menolascina F, Shapiro OH, Tout J, Bourne DG, Seymour
JR, Stocker R (2013) A bacterial pathogen uses dimethylsulphoniopropionate as a cue to target
heat-stressed corals. Int Soc Microb Ecol: 1–9
Genin A, Jaffe JS, Reef R, Richter C, Franks PJ (2005) Swimming against the flow: a mechanism
of zooplankton aggregation. Science 308:860–862
Glynn PW (1996) Coral reef bleaching: facts, hypotheses and implications. Glob Change Biol
2:495–509
Goreau TJ (1977) Coral skeletal chemistry: physiological and environmental regulation of stable
isotopes and trace metals in Montastrea annularis. Proc R Soc Lond B 196:291–315
Goreau TF, Goreau NI, Yonge CM (1971) Reef corals: autotrophs or heterotrophs? Biol Bull
141:247–260. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540115
Grottoli AG, Rodrigues LJ, Palardy JE (2006) Heterotrophic plasticity and resilience in bleached
corals. Nature 440:1186–1189
Grottoli AG, Warner ME, Levas SJ, Aschaffenburg MD, Schoepf V, McGinley M, Maumann J,
Matsui Y (2014) The cumulative impact of annual coral bleaching can turn some coral species
winners into losers. Glob Change Biol 20:3823–3833
Guzman HM, Jimenez CE (1992) Contamination of coral reefs by heavy metals along the Caribbean
coast of Central-America (Costa Rica and Panama). Mar Pollut Bull 24:554–561
Hamner W, Jones M, Carleton J, Hauri I, Williams DM (1988) Zooplankton, planktivorous fish, and
water currents on a windward reef face: Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Bull Mar Sci 42:459–479
Haynes D, Muller J, Carters S (2000) Pesticide and herbicide residues in sediments and seagrasses
from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland coast. Mar Pollut Bull 41:279–
287
Hédouin L, Metain M, Gates RD (2011) Ecotoxicological approach for assessing the contamination
of a Hawaiin coral reef ecosystem (Honulua Bay, Maui) by metals and a metalloid. Marine
Environmental Research 71:149–161