mentioned earlier, camelina contains a considerable high amount of tocopherols and
phenols making it oxidatively stable oil. Camelina oil has almond-like taste and
aroma. This makes it versatile as a cooking oil in comparison to flax oil which is
generally used for omega 3 supplementation (Fan and Eskin 2013). The oil is
commercially available; however, it does not have FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status. Camelina oil was utilized as a source of PUFA to produce
human milk fat substitutes for babies (Popa et al. 2017).
Salo and Kuusisto (2016) investigated the effects of plant stanol ester and
camelina oil in hypercholesterolemic human subjects, when administered in a yogurt
mini-drink together with a meal. Their aim was to study the cholesterol-lowering
effect of camelina oil although low quantity (2 g) of camelina oil neither enhanced
the cholesterol-lowering effects of plant stanol ester nor had an effect on the serum
triglyceride levels. Similar studies are needed to be conducted to find out the health
benefit of camelina oil in dairy products. In another study, camelina oil was added at
a concentration equivalent to 10% of the recommended dietary intake of 2 g/day of
ALA as per EC regulation no 432/2012 to increase the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFA) in yogurt. The yogurt was found to have acceptable sensory characteristics after 21 days of storage at 4
C (Dal Bello et al. 2015).
18.7.2 Animal Feed Applications
Compared to other oil crops, camelina is rich in Omega 3 fatty acids. In every oilseed
crop extraction process, a press cake remains which contains almost three-fourth of
seed nutrients. Utilizing this press cake, the profitability of the crop can be improved.
Camelina meal used for animal feed is currently available in the form of pellets or
cylindrical shaped cakes. The press cakes have economic value and can be utilized as
a nutritive supplement, due to their high crude protein content (43%) (Tripathi and
Mishra 2007). Several researchers concluded that camelina had beneficial effects on
animals when incorporated in the feed. However, the presence of glucosinolates,
their degradation products, and the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) is
a major disadvantage for brasicca crops for inclusion in diets of the animals.
18.7.2.1 As an Aquaculture Feed
The press cake can be an effective replacement for fish feed. Camelina meal consists
of a considerable amount of crude protein level (38–43%), chiefly of methionine and
phenylalanine (Hixson and Parrish 2014). The fish feed mainly includes a huge
percentage of fish meal and fish oil. Most of the fish meal or oil comes from fish
industrial waste. The options of availability of fish meal are very rare and also
expensive (Singh and Muthukumarappan 2016). In fish industries, they cannot
increase the production of fish oils, as there are limits on established fishing quotas
and Total Allowable Catches. This affects the production of fish oil to a great extent,
18 Camelina (Camelina sativa) Seed
465
phenols making it oxidatively stable oil. Camelina oil has almond-like taste and
aroma. This makes it versatile as a cooking oil in comparison to flax oil which is
generally used for omega 3 supplementation (Fan and Eskin 2013). The oil is
commercially available; however, it does not have FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status. Camelina oil was utilized as a source of PUFA to produce
human milk fat substitutes for babies (Popa et al. 2017).
Salo and Kuusisto (2016) investigated the effects of plant stanol ester and
camelina oil in hypercholesterolemic human subjects, when administered in a yogurt
mini-drink together with a meal. Their aim was to study the cholesterol-lowering
effect of camelina oil although low quantity (2 g) of camelina oil neither enhanced
the cholesterol-lowering effects of plant stanol ester nor had an effect on the serum
triglyceride levels. Similar studies are needed to be conducted to find out the health
benefit of camelina oil in dairy products. In another study, camelina oil was added at
a concentration equivalent to 10% of the recommended dietary intake of 2 g/day of
ALA as per EC regulation no 432/2012 to increase the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFA) in yogurt. The yogurt was found to have acceptable sensory characteristics after 21 days of storage at 4
C (Dal Bello et al. 2015).
18.7.2 Animal Feed Applications
Compared to other oil crops, camelina is rich in Omega 3 fatty acids. In every oilseed
crop extraction process, a press cake remains which contains almost three-fourth of
seed nutrients. Utilizing this press cake, the profitability of the crop can be improved.
Camelina meal used for animal feed is currently available in the form of pellets or
cylindrical shaped cakes. The press cakes have economic value and can be utilized as
a nutritive supplement, due to their high crude protein content (43%) (Tripathi and
Mishra 2007). Several researchers concluded that camelina had beneficial effects on
animals when incorporated in the feed. However, the presence of glucosinolates,
their degradation products, and the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) is
a major disadvantage for brasicca crops for inclusion in diets of the animals.
18.7.2.1 As an Aquaculture Feed
The press cake can be an effective replacement for fish feed. Camelina meal consists
of a considerable amount of crude protein level (38–43%), chiefly of methionine and
phenylalanine (Hixson and Parrish 2014). The fish feed mainly includes a huge
percentage of fish meal and fish oil. Most of the fish meal or oil comes from fish
industrial waste. The options of availability of fish meal are very rare and also
expensive (Singh and Muthukumarappan 2016). In fish industries, they cannot
increase the production of fish oils, as there are limits on established fishing quotas
and Total Allowable Catches. This affects the production of fish oil to a great extent,
18 Camelina (Camelina sativa) Seed
465