16.5 Health Attributes
RBO has lower viscosity and a relatively high smoke point (254
C) (Rubalya
Valantina and Neelameagam 2008), which makes it a healthy cooking oil. RBO is
loaded with vitamin E (both tocotrienols and tocopherols) and bioactive
phytonutrients, which include phytosterols, γ-oryzanol, squalene, and triterpene
alcohols (Ali and Devarajan 2017). All of these compounds exhibit high antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. The
dietary intake of RBO lowers the blood cholesterol level, blood pressure, and blood
glucose and can help to reduce inflammation and symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
RBO helps to boost the immune system and prevent the process of premature aging
and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Because of its cardiac-friendly phytochemicals and antioxidant potentials, RBO has been categorized as healthy edible oil
for human consumption and has attained the status of “heart-healthy oil” (Ali and
Devarajan 2017).
16.5.1 Reduction of Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular
Diseases (CVD)
Cholesterol is insoluble in blood and is transported by carriers called lipoproteins in
the blood plasma of all the primates. Sizes of lipoprotein vary from high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). LDL is called bad cholesterol as it gets deposited on the wall of the
arteries and form plaque, the major cause of heart attack. A person is at high risk of
CVD and arteriosclerosis if LDL cholesterol level is above the normal values. While
HDL transports cholesterol from the arteries to the liver to get it metabolized,
excreted, or reutilized.
The factors related to the development of CVD are gender, obesity, age, high
blood pressure, smoking, and mainly raised cholesterol level in blood. It influences
the circulatory system thereby increasing the risk of CVDs like cardiomyopathy,
heart attack, and coronary heart disease (Hansson 2005). As per World Health
Organization (WHO) report, due to cardiovascular disease over 17 million public
died in the year 2008 and it is estimated to increase up to 25 million till 2030
(Celermajer et al. 2012).
An inflammatory reaction occurs in arteriosclerosis influencing large and
medium-sized blood vessels that become permeable in the presence of high LDL
level and free radicals. The reactions may cause injury in the blood vessel and further
block the blood circulation. Apart from the change in lifestyle, increasing antioxidant intake is the right therapeutic approach for preventing the occurrence of CVD
(Saklamaz et al. 2005).
Several studies conducted on rabbits, rodents, non-human mammals, and humans
demonstrated that the bioactive compound viz., γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, tools,
402
U. Yadav et al.
RBO has lower viscosity and a relatively high smoke point (254
C) (Rubalya
Valantina and Neelameagam 2008), which makes it a healthy cooking oil. RBO is
loaded with vitamin E (both tocotrienols and tocopherols) and bioactive
phytonutrients, which include phytosterols, γ-oryzanol, squalene, and triterpene
alcohols (Ali and Devarajan 2017). All of these compounds exhibit high antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. The
dietary intake of RBO lowers the blood cholesterol level, blood pressure, and blood
glucose and can help to reduce inflammation and symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
RBO helps to boost the immune system and prevent the process of premature aging
and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Because of its cardiac-friendly phytochemicals and antioxidant potentials, RBO has been categorized as healthy edible oil
for human consumption and has attained the status of “heart-healthy oil” (Ali and
Devarajan 2017).
16.5.1 Reduction of Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular
Diseases (CVD)
Cholesterol is insoluble in blood and is transported by carriers called lipoproteins in
the blood plasma of all the primates. Sizes of lipoprotein vary from high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). LDL is called bad cholesterol as it gets deposited on the wall of the
arteries and form plaque, the major cause of heart attack. A person is at high risk of
CVD and arteriosclerosis if LDL cholesterol level is above the normal values. While
HDL transports cholesterol from the arteries to the liver to get it metabolized,
excreted, or reutilized.
The factors related to the development of CVD are gender, obesity, age, high
blood pressure, smoking, and mainly raised cholesterol level in blood. It influences
the circulatory system thereby increasing the risk of CVDs like cardiomyopathy,
heart attack, and coronary heart disease (Hansson 2005). As per World Health
Organization (WHO) report, due to cardiovascular disease over 17 million public
died in the year 2008 and it is estimated to increase up to 25 million till 2030
(Celermajer et al. 2012).
An inflammatory reaction occurs in arteriosclerosis influencing large and
medium-sized blood vessels that become permeable in the presence of high LDL
level and free radicals. The reactions may cause injury in the blood vessel and further
block the blood circulation. Apart from the change in lifestyle, increasing antioxidant intake is the right therapeutic approach for preventing the occurrence of CVD
(Saklamaz et al. 2005).
Several studies conducted on rabbits, rodents, non-human mammals, and humans
demonstrated that the bioactive compound viz., γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, tools,
402
U. Yadav et al.