16.2 Production
Global market size of RBO in 2015 was evaluated over 1.2 million tons and India
holds immense potential in the production of rice bran oil (RBO), due to increased
paddy production at 150 million tons over the last decade. Currently, the RBO
production in India is 9 lakh tons out of which only 3 lakh tons is consumed while
rest 6 lakh tons is used by Vanaspati industry or blended with other oils. India is the
largest producer of RBO followed by Japan, Thailand, and China (Nayik et al. 2015).
As per The Solvent Extractors Association (SEA) data, RBO production in India is
remarkably rising by 50,000 tons annually (Nayik et al. 2015). The total revenue
collected from the export of oils by India during the year 2015–2016 was nearly
250 crores. Nearly 24,000 metric tons of RBO was exported, having value 22.25
crores INR. Thus, it can be concluded that RBO serves the 10% of the total revenue
obtained from the export of oils, which is very notable in increasing India’s GDP
growth (Pal and Pratap 2017). The global market share of RBO is segmented and
ruled by firms such as Ricela Health Foods, 3F Industries Ltd., Sethia, BCL
Industries & Infrastructure, and A.P. Refineries Pvt. Ltd. Refined or blended RBO
industry also consists of leading marketers such as Adani Wilmar, Marico Ltd., ITC
Ltd., and N.K. Proteins (www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/rice-bran-oilmarket).
16.3 Chemical Composition
Crude RBO is rich in unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids, and bioactive
compounds, for example, γ-oryzanol (1.2–1.7%), phytosterols, tocopherols
(0.02–0.08%), and tocotrienols (0.025–0.17%). The chief component of rice bran
oil is the glyceride component which makes 80% of the crude RBO in which 80.5%
triacylglycerols, 4.8% diacylglycerol, and 1.8% monoacylglycerols. More than 90%
of the fatty acid portion of the glycerides constitute three fatty acids: palmitic, oleic
and linoleic acid. Crude RBO contains 3–4% wax, 0.8% glycolipids, 1–2% phospholipids (PL), and 4% unsaponifiable lipids (Gosh 2007; Lu et al. 1991). The fatty
acid composition of RBO is comparable to that of groundnut oil, i.e., caprylic acid,
capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid are not detected in groundnut oil however
(0.1–0.5%) is found in RBO. An average 15.4% palmitic and 43.2% oleic acid are
detected in both oils (Pal and Pratap 2017; White 2008). Both the oils contain 35%
linoleic acid but RBO has a high unsaponifiable lipid fraction (4.2%), which is
higher than the level recommended by the Central Committee of Food Standards
(Gingras 2002). The shelf life of RBO is higher compared to other cooking oils due
to the presence of good amounts of antioxidants. Less oil is absorbed during cooking
in RBO due to its low viscosity, thereby reducing overall calorie intake (Gosh 2007).
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Global market size of RBO in 2015 was evaluated over 1.2 million tons and India
holds immense potential in the production of rice bran oil (RBO), due to increased
paddy production at 150 million tons over the last decade. Currently, the RBO
production in India is 9 lakh tons out of which only 3 lakh tons is consumed while
rest 6 lakh tons is used by Vanaspati industry or blended with other oils. India is the
largest producer of RBO followed by Japan, Thailand, and China (Nayik et al. 2015).
As per The Solvent Extractors Association (SEA) data, RBO production in India is
remarkably rising by 50,000 tons annually (Nayik et al. 2015). The total revenue
collected from the export of oils by India during the year 2015–2016 was nearly
250 crores. Nearly 24,000 metric tons of RBO was exported, having value 22.25
crores INR. Thus, it can be concluded that RBO serves the 10% of the total revenue
obtained from the export of oils, which is very notable in increasing India’s GDP
growth (Pal and Pratap 2017). The global market share of RBO is segmented and
ruled by firms such as Ricela Health Foods, 3F Industries Ltd., Sethia, BCL
Industries & Infrastructure, and A.P. Refineries Pvt. Ltd. Refined or blended RBO
industry also consists of leading marketers such as Adani Wilmar, Marico Ltd., ITC
Ltd., and N.K. Proteins (www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/rice-bran-oilmarket).
16.3 Chemical Composition
Crude RBO is rich in unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids, and bioactive
compounds, for example, γ-oryzanol (1.2–1.7%), phytosterols, tocopherols
(0.02–0.08%), and tocotrienols (0.025–0.17%). The chief component of rice bran
oil is the glyceride component which makes 80% of the crude RBO in which 80.5%
triacylglycerols, 4.8% diacylglycerol, and 1.8% monoacylglycerols. More than 90%
of the fatty acid portion of the glycerides constitute three fatty acids: palmitic, oleic
and linoleic acid. Crude RBO contains 3–4% wax, 0.8% glycolipids, 1–2% phospholipids (PL), and 4% unsaponifiable lipids (Gosh 2007; Lu et al. 1991). The fatty
acid composition of RBO is comparable to that of groundnut oil, i.e., caprylic acid,
capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid are not detected in groundnut oil however
(0.1–0.5%) is found in RBO. An average 15.4% palmitic and 43.2% oleic acid are
detected in both oils (Pal and Pratap 2017; White 2008). Both the oils contain 35%
linoleic acid but RBO has a high unsaponifiable lipid fraction (4.2%), which is
higher than the level recommended by the Central Committee of Food Standards
(Gingras 2002). The shelf life of RBO is higher compared to other cooking oils due
to the presence of good amounts of antioxidants. Less oil is absorbed during cooking
in RBO due to its low viscosity, thereby reducing overall calorie intake (Gosh 2007).
16 Rice (Oryza sativa) Bran
399