carcinogenic activity (Poschner et al. 2017; Wei et al. 2015; Andrade et al. 2015;
Shike et al. 2014) and reproductive toxicity (Patel et al. 2016; Chinigarzadeh et al.
2017), adverse effects on growth and development (Harlid et al. 2016; Yin et al.
2014; D’Aloisio et al. 2013), and impacts on immune functioning (Wynn et al. 2013;
Gaffer et al. 2018).
A recent study suggests that soyasapogenol B (Soy B) through inducing apoptotic
and autophagic cell death, thus, attenuates laryngeal carcinoma progression in
human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines HeP-2 and TU212 (Zhi et al. 2019). Wang
et al. (2019) investigated the effect of Soy B in the prevention and treatment of CRC;
and reported that it promoted apoptosis and autophagy in both in vitro and in vivo
assays, by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress, and, hence, can be utilized as a
chemotherapeutic agent in CRC.
Since Liener (1991) reported that soybean agglutinin holds the potential to inhibit
the growth of transplanted tumor in rats, numerous studies have established the
possible antitumor and anticarcinogenic potential of plant lectins (Suzuki et al. 1999;
Jakab et al. 2000; Pryme and Bardocz 2001; Evans et al. 2002). Soybean lectins have
been found to suppress the tumor growth, Dalton’s lymphoma, macrophages,
peripheral blood lymphocytes (Ganguly and Das 1994) and cytoagglutination/aggregation in SW 1222 human colon cancer, HT29 human colon cancer (Jordinson et al.
1999), SP2 myeloma; and Lox-2 Ab-producing hybridoma (Takamatsu et al. 1999).
Additionally, recent research has pointed out toward a newly discovered soybean
peptide, lunasin, as a new and novel cancer chemopreventive agent (de Mejia et al.
2003).
1.5 Food Applications
1.5.1 Soybean Oil
Soybean oil, one of the most consumed edible oils (26.7% of the total), is the largest
commercial source of essential fatty acids and is utilized in many food products, viz.,
as salad and cooking oil, shortening, margarine, mayonnaise, and salad dressing. Its
easy availability and functionality coupled with cheap price are the reason behind its
massive acceptance as edible oil in the world (Medina-Juarez et al. 1998; List 2016).
From the nutritional point of view, it contains linoleic acid (50–60%), oleic acid
(22–30%), palmitic acid (7–10%), linolenic acid (5–9%), stearic acid (2–5%), and
arachidic acid (1–3%) and polyunsaturated/saturated ratio of 4.1. Apart from this it
also contains lecithin (phosphatidylcholine), phospholipids, tocopherols, and phytosterols (Fan and Eskin 2015).
However, high amounts of polyunsaturated acids and omega-3 fatty acids in
soybean oil limit its commercial functionality as they present oxidative stability
problems and limit the fry life, respectively (List 2016).
22
R. Modgil et al.
Shike et al. 2014) and reproductive toxicity (Patel et al. 2016; Chinigarzadeh et al.
2017), adverse effects on growth and development (Harlid et al. 2016; Yin et al.
2014; D’Aloisio et al. 2013), and impacts on immune functioning (Wynn et al. 2013;
Gaffer et al. 2018).
A recent study suggests that soyasapogenol B (Soy B) through inducing apoptotic
and autophagic cell death, thus, attenuates laryngeal carcinoma progression in
human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines HeP-2 and TU212 (Zhi et al. 2019). Wang
et al. (2019) investigated the effect of Soy B in the prevention and treatment of CRC;
and reported that it promoted apoptosis and autophagy in both in vitro and in vivo
assays, by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress, and, hence, can be utilized as a
chemotherapeutic agent in CRC.
Since Liener (1991) reported that soybean agglutinin holds the potential to inhibit
the growth of transplanted tumor in rats, numerous studies have established the
possible antitumor and anticarcinogenic potential of plant lectins (Suzuki et al. 1999;
Jakab et al. 2000; Pryme and Bardocz 2001; Evans et al. 2002). Soybean lectins have
been found to suppress the tumor growth, Dalton’s lymphoma, macrophages,
peripheral blood lymphocytes (Ganguly and Das 1994) and cytoagglutination/aggregation in SW 1222 human colon cancer, HT29 human colon cancer (Jordinson et al.
1999), SP2 myeloma; and Lox-2 Ab-producing hybridoma (Takamatsu et al. 1999).
Additionally, recent research has pointed out toward a newly discovered soybean
peptide, lunasin, as a new and novel cancer chemopreventive agent (de Mejia et al.
2003).
1.5 Food Applications
1.5.1 Soybean Oil
Soybean oil, one of the most consumed edible oils (26.7% of the total), is the largest
commercial source of essential fatty acids and is utilized in many food products, viz.,
as salad and cooking oil, shortening, margarine, mayonnaise, and salad dressing. Its
easy availability and functionality coupled with cheap price are the reason behind its
massive acceptance as edible oil in the world (Medina-Juarez et al. 1998; List 2016).
From the nutritional point of view, it contains linoleic acid (50–60%), oleic acid
(22–30%), palmitic acid (7–10%), linolenic acid (5–9%), stearic acid (2–5%), and
arachidic acid (1–3%) and polyunsaturated/saturated ratio of 4.1. Apart from this it
also contains lecithin (phosphatidylcholine), phospholipids, tocopherols, and phytosterols (Fan and Eskin 2015).
However, high amounts of polyunsaturated acids and omega-3 fatty acids in
soybean oil limit its commercial functionality as they present oxidative stability
problems and limit the fry life, respectively (List 2016).
22
R. Modgil et al.