64
2 Energy Sector Progression in India
(c) Animal dung and plant waste consumption during 2001–2002 was 130 million
tons.
(d) The share of hydrocarbons in the total energy consumption increased from
37.2% in 1980–1981 to 44.9% in 2001–2002.
(e) Share of non-commercial energy in the total primary energy supply declined
from 53.1% in 1980–1981 to 31.8% in 2001–2002.
Twenty-first century witnessed increased production and consumption of coal
worldwide (despite clear signs of earth warming by coal and oil) with China (1171
MT), USA (899 MT), and India (310 MT) leading the production (Planning Commission 2002a, b). Together, coal and natural gas contributed to around 22% of global
primary energy, each against 40% from oil, 7% from nuclear, 2% from hydro, and
6% from renewables. Being abundant (available in 100 countries
8 ) and responsible
for 38% global electricity generation, coal was expected to continue as an important source of global energy at least in coming decades. For India, coal was and
will remain indispensable (Box 2) as it shared 50% of primary commercial energy
supply and it is too early to predict a switch over to other sources. Of the 104,917
megawatt overall installed power generation capacity in the country (as on March
31, 2002), about 59,386 megawatts were coal-based and 2745 megawatt was lignitebased, totaling to 62,131 megawatts or 59%. In fact, the tenth plan anticipated that
even with an estimated production of 405 million tons in 2007, there would be a
shortfall of more than 55 million tons.
Not only coal, the demand for oil and natural gas also was likely to increase
primarily due to the expansion of transportation sector. The domestic production
of crude oil was only 32.03 million tons in 2001–2002 with upward trajectory to
reach 33.97 million tons in 2006–2007. At the same time, the demand for petroleum
products was assessed to grow from 99.13 million tons in 2001–2002 to 134.6 million
tons in 2007. Similarly, India’s natural gas production was expected to reach 37.62
BCM in 2007 from the existing 29.69 BCM in 2001–2002.
8 Proven coal reserves have been estimated to last for over 200 years. In contrast, proven oil and
gas reserves are estimated to last around 40 and 60 years, respectively, at current production level
in 2001–2002. The geological coal reserves in India were estimated at 220.98 billion tons as on
January 2001 with proven reserves of 84 billion tons.
2 Energy Sector Progression in India
(c) Animal dung and plant waste consumption during 2001–2002 was 130 million
tons.
(d) The share of hydrocarbons in the total energy consumption increased from
37.2% in 1980–1981 to 44.9% in 2001–2002.
(e) Share of non-commercial energy in the total primary energy supply declined
from 53.1% in 1980–1981 to 31.8% in 2001–2002.
Twenty-first century witnessed increased production and consumption of coal
worldwide (despite clear signs of earth warming by coal and oil) with China (1171
MT), USA (899 MT), and India (310 MT) leading the production (Planning Commission 2002a, b). Together, coal and natural gas contributed to around 22% of global
primary energy, each against 40% from oil, 7% from nuclear, 2% from hydro, and
6% from renewables. Being abundant (available in 100 countries
8 ) and responsible
for 38% global electricity generation, coal was expected to continue as an important source of global energy at least in coming decades. For India, coal was and
will remain indispensable (Box 2) as it shared 50% of primary commercial energy
supply and it is too early to predict a switch over to other sources. Of the 104,917
megawatt overall installed power generation capacity in the country (as on March
31, 2002), about 59,386 megawatts were coal-based and 2745 megawatt was lignitebased, totaling to 62,131 megawatts or 59%. In fact, the tenth plan anticipated that
even with an estimated production of 405 million tons in 2007, there would be a
shortfall of more than 55 million tons.
Not only coal, the demand for oil and natural gas also was likely to increase
primarily due to the expansion of transportation sector. The domestic production
of crude oil was only 32.03 million tons in 2001–2002 with upward trajectory to
reach 33.97 million tons in 2006–2007. At the same time, the demand for petroleum
products was assessed to grow from 99.13 million tons in 2001–2002 to 134.6 million
tons in 2007. Similarly, India’s natural gas production was expected to reach 37.62
BCM in 2007 from the existing 29.69 BCM in 2001–2002.
8 Proven coal reserves have been estimated to last for over 200 years. In contrast, proven oil and
gas reserves are estimated to last around 40 and 60 years, respectively, at current production level
in 2001–2002. The geological coal reserves in India were estimated at 220.98 billion tons as on
January 2001 with proven reserves of 84 billion tons.