18
1 Energy Security and Sustainability: An Overview
0.000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
Colombia
Former U.S.S.R.
France
Germany
Germany, East
Germany, West
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Kuwait
Libya
Malaysia
Mexico
Netherlands
Nigeria
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
1980
2004
Fig. 1.10 A comparison of primary energy production (in Quadrillion Btu), in a few countries
between 1980 and 2004 (Source Energy Information Administration 2004)
as energy conservation measures to slow down resource consumption. Investment in
research and exploration was given priority for discovery of oil and gas reserves.
Nonetheless, the issue of energy security was a transition phase in which countries
had to adjust to higher energy prices while ensuring that additional requirements were
met from sources other than oil. Most of the countries faced challenges of varying
order during this period. For instance,
• OPEC countries were besieged with the issue of sustained demand for exploiting
their resources and price determination.
• Industrialized countries faced the dilemma of energy conservation, alternative
sources, and safety of nuclear power plants.
• Oil-importing developing nations were concerned about domestic exploration and
cheap renewable sources such as fuelwood and biogas.
1 Energy Security and Sustainability: An Overview
0.000
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
Colombia
Former U.S.S.R.
France
Germany
Germany, East
Germany, West
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Kuwait
Libya
Malaysia
Mexico
Netherlands
Nigeria
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
1980
2004
Fig. 1.10 A comparison of primary energy production (in Quadrillion Btu), in a few countries
between 1980 and 2004 (Source Energy Information Administration 2004)
as energy conservation measures to slow down resource consumption. Investment in
research and exploration was given priority for discovery of oil and gas reserves.
Nonetheless, the issue of energy security was a transition phase in which countries
had to adjust to higher energy prices while ensuring that additional requirements were
met from sources other than oil. Most of the countries faced challenges of varying
order during this period. For instance,
• OPEC countries were besieged with the issue of sustained demand for exploiting
their resources and price determination.
• Industrialized countries faced the dilemma of energy conservation, alternative
sources, and safety of nuclear power plants.
• Oil-importing developing nations were concerned about domestic exploration and
cheap renewable sources such as fuelwood and biogas.