144
E. Perl and J. S. Waxman
Lepilina A, Coon AN, Kikuchi K, Holdway JE, Roberts RW, Burns CG, Poss KD (2006) A
Dynamic Epicardial Injury Response Supports Progenitor Cell Activity during Zebrafish Heart
Regeneration. Cell 127:607–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.052
Li E, Sucov HM, Lee KF, Evans RM, Jaenisch R (1993) Normal development and growth of mice
carrying a targeted disruption of the alpha 1 retinoic acid receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A. 90:1590–4. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.90.4.1590
Li P, Pashmforoush M, Sucov HM (2010) Retinoic acid regulates differentiation of the secondary
heart field and TGFbeta-mediated outflow tract septation. Dev Cell 18:480–5. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.devcel.2009.12.019
Lin F-J, Qin J, Tang K, Tsai SY, Tsai M-J (2011) Coup d’Etat: An Orphan Takes Control. Endocr
Rev 32:404–421. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2010-0021
Lin S-C, Dolle P, Ryckebusch L, Noseda M, Zaffran S, Schneider MD, Niederreither K (2010)
Endogenous retinoic acid regulates cardiac progenitor differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci
107:9234–9239. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910430107
Linville A, Radtke K, Waxman JS, Yelon D, Schilling TF (2009) Combinatorial roles for zebrafish
retinoic acid receptors in the hindbrain, limbs and pharyngeal arches. Dev Biol 325:60–70. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.YDBIO.2008.09.022
Liu J, Stainier DYR (2012) Zebrafish in the Study of Early Cardiac Development. Circ Res 110:870–
874. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246504
Liu Q, Van Bortle K, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang JZ, Geller BS, Gruber JJ, Jiang C, Wu JC, Snyder MP
(2018) Disruption of mesoderm formation during cardiac differentiation due to developmental
exposure to 13-cis-retinoic acid. Sci Rep. 8:12960. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31192-0
Love CE, Prince VE (2012) Expression and retinoic acid regulation of the zebrafish nr2f orphan
nuclear receptor genes. Dev Dyn 241:1603–1615. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.23838
Marshall H, Studer M, Pöpperl H, Aparicio S, Kuroiwa A, Brenner S, Krumlauf R (1994) A
conserved retinoic acid response element required for early expression of the homeobox gene
Hoxb-1. Nature 370:567–571. https://doi.org/10.1038/370567a0
Martin P, Kloesel B, Norris R, Lindsay M, Milan D, Body S (2015) Embryonic Development of the
Bicuspid Aortic Valve. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2:248–272. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd2040248
Mendelsohn C, Lohnes D, Décimo D, Lufkin T, LeMeur M, Chambon P, Mark M (1994) Function
of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) during development (II). Multiple abnormalities at various
stages of organogenesis in RAR double mutants. Development; 120:2749–2771. https://doi.org/
10.1242/dev.00463
Merki E, Zamora M, Raya A, Kawakami Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Burch J, Kubalak SW, Kaliman P,
Belmonte JCI, Chien KR, Ruiz-Lozano P (2005) Epicardial retinoid X receptor is required for
myocardial growth and coronary artery formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:18455–18460. https://
doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504343102
Moss JB, Xavier-Neto J, Shapiro MD, Nayeem SM, McCaffery P, Dräger UC, Rosenthal N (1998)
Dynamic Patterns of Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Response in the Developing Mammalian Heart.
Dev Biol 199:55–71. https://doi.org/10.1006/DBIO.1998.8911
Moutier E, Ye T, Choukrallah M-A, Urban S, Osz J, Chatagnon A, Delacroix L, Langer D, Rochel
N, Moras D, Benoit G, Davidson I (2012) Retinoic Acid Receptors Recognize the Mouse Genome
through Binding Elements with Diverse Spacing and Topology. J Biol Chem 287:26328–26341.
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.361790
Niederreither K, Abu-Abed S, Schuhbaur B, Petkovich M, Chambon P, Dollé P (2002a) Genetic
evidence that oxidative derivatives of retinoic acid are not involved in retinoid signaling during
mouse development. Nat Genet 31:84–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng876
Niederreither K, Dollé P (2008) Retinoic acid in development: Towards an integrated view. Nat Rev
Genet 9:541–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2340
Niederreither K, Fraulob V, Garnier J-M, Chambon P, Dollé P (2002b) Differential expression of
retinoic acid-synthesizing (RALDH) enzymes during fetal development and organ differentiation
in the mouse. Mech Dev 110:165–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00561-5
E. Perl and J. S. Waxman
Lepilina A, Coon AN, Kikuchi K, Holdway JE, Roberts RW, Burns CG, Poss KD (2006) A
Dynamic Epicardial Injury Response Supports Progenitor Cell Activity during Zebrafish Heart
Regeneration. Cell 127:607–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.052
Li E, Sucov HM, Lee KF, Evans RM, Jaenisch R (1993) Normal development and growth of mice
carrying a targeted disruption of the alpha 1 retinoic acid receptor gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S
A. 90:1590–4. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.90.4.1590
Li P, Pashmforoush M, Sucov HM (2010) Retinoic acid regulates differentiation of the secondary
heart field and TGFbeta-mediated outflow tract septation. Dev Cell 18:480–5. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.devcel.2009.12.019
Lin F-J, Qin J, Tang K, Tsai SY, Tsai M-J (2011) Coup d’Etat: An Orphan Takes Control. Endocr
Rev 32:404–421. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2010-0021
Lin S-C, Dolle P, Ryckebusch L, Noseda M, Zaffran S, Schneider MD, Niederreither K (2010)
Endogenous retinoic acid regulates cardiac progenitor differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci
107:9234–9239. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910430107
Linville A, Radtke K, Waxman JS, Yelon D, Schilling TF (2009) Combinatorial roles for zebrafish
retinoic acid receptors in the hindbrain, limbs and pharyngeal arches. Dev Biol 325:60–70. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.YDBIO.2008.09.022
Liu J, Stainier DYR (2012) Zebrafish in the Study of Early Cardiac Development. Circ Res 110:870–
874. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.246504
Liu Q, Van Bortle K, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang JZ, Geller BS, Gruber JJ, Jiang C, Wu JC, Snyder MP
(2018) Disruption of mesoderm formation during cardiac differentiation due to developmental
exposure to 13-cis-retinoic acid. Sci Rep. 8:12960. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31192-0
Love CE, Prince VE (2012) Expression and retinoic acid regulation of the zebrafish nr2f orphan
nuclear receptor genes. Dev Dyn 241:1603–1615. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.23838
Marshall H, Studer M, Pöpperl H, Aparicio S, Kuroiwa A, Brenner S, Krumlauf R (1994) A
conserved retinoic acid response element required for early expression of the homeobox gene
Hoxb-1. Nature 370:567–571. https://doi.org/10.1038/370567a0
Martin P, Kloesel B, Norris R, Lindsay M, Milan D, Body S (2015) Embryonic Development of the
Bicuspid Aortic Valve. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2:248–272. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd2040248
Mendelsohn C, Lohnes D, Décimo D, Lufkin T, LeMeur M, Chambon P, Mark M (1994) Function
of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) during development (II). Multiple abnormalities at various
stages of organogenesis in RAR double mutants. Development; 120:2749–2771. https://doi.org/
10.1242/dev.00463
Merki E, Zamora M, Raya A, Kawakami Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Burch J, Kubalak SW, Kaliman P,
Belmonte JCI, Chien KR, Ruiz-Lozano P (2005) Epicardial retinoid X receptor is required for
myocardial growth and coronary artery formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:18455–18460. https://
doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0504343102
Moss JB, Xavier-Neto J, Shapiro MD, Nayeem SM, McCaffery P, Dräger UC, Rosenthal N (1998)
Dynamic Patterns of Retinoic Acid Synthesis and Response in the Developing Mammalian Heart.
Dev Biol 199:55–71. https://doi.org/10.1006/DBIO.1998.8911
Moutier E, Ye T, Choukrallah M-A, Urban S, Osz J, Chatagnon A, Delacroix L, Langer D, Rochel
N, Moras D, Benoit G, Davidson I (2012) Retinoic Acid Receptors Recognize the Mouse Genome
through Binding Elements with Diverse Spacing and Topology. J Biol Chem 287:26328–26341.
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.361790
Niederreither K, Abu-Abed S, Schuhbaur B, Petkovich M, Chambon P, Dollé P (2002a) Genetic
evidence that oxidative derivatives of retinoic acid are not involved in retinoid signaling during
mouse development. Nat Genet 31:84–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng876
Niederreither K, Dollé P (2008) Retinoic acid in development: Towards an integrated view. Nat Rev
Genet 9:541–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2340
Niederreither K, Fraulob V, Garnier J-M, Chambon P, Dollé P (2002b) Differential expression of
retinoic acid-synthesizing (RALDH) enzymes during fetal development and organ differentiation
in the mouse. Mech Dev 110:165–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00561-5