4 RA Signaling in Limb Development and Regeneration …
115
Niederreither K, Ward SJ, Dolle P, Chambon P (1996) Morphological and molecular characterization
of retinoic acid-induced limb duplications in mice. Dev Biol 176:185–198
Niswander L, Jeffrey S, Martin GR, Tickle C (1994) A positive feedback loop coordinates growth
and patterning in the vertebrate limb. Nature 371:609–612
Nohno T, Noji S, Koyama E, Ohyama K, Myokai F, Kuroiwa A, Saito T, Taniguchi S (1991)
Involvement of Chox-4 chicken homeobox genes in determination of anteroposterior axial polarity
during limb development. Cell 64:1197–1205
Noji S, Nohno T, Koyama E, Muto K, Ohyama K, Yoshinobu A, Tamura K, Ohsugi K, Ide H,
Taniguchi S, Saito T (1991) Retinoic acid induces polarizing activity but is unlikely to be a
morphogen in the chick limb bud. Nature 350:83–86
Oulad-Abdelghani M, Chazaud C, Bouillet P, Sapin V, Chambon P, Dolle P (1997) Meis2, a
novel mouse Pbx-related homeobox gene induced by retinoic acid during differentiation of P19
embryonal carcinoma cells. Dev Dynam 210:173–183
Pecorino LT, Lo DC, Brockes JP (1994) Isoform-specific induction of a retinoid-responsive antigen
after biolistic transfection of chimeric retinoic acid/thyroid hormone receptors into a regenerating
limb. Development 120:325–333
Pecorino LT, Entwistle A, Brockes JP (1996) Activation of a single retinoic acid receptor isoform
mediates proximodistal respecification. Curr Biol 6:563–569
Perez-Edwards A, Hardison NL, Linney E (2001) Retinoic acid-mediated gene expression in
transgenic reporter zebrafish. Dev Biol 229:89–101
Pickering J, Wali N, Towers M (2017) Transcriptional changes in chick wing bud polarization
induced by retinoic acid. Dev Dyn 246:682–690
Pittlik S, Begemann G (2012) New sources of retinoic acid synthesis revealed by live imaging of
an Aldh1a2-GFP reporter fusion protein throughout zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 241:1205–
1216
Probst S, Kraemer C, Demougin P, Sheth R, Martin GR, Shiratori H, Hamada H, Iber D, Zeller R,
Zuniga A (2011) SHH propagates distal limb bud development by enhancing CYP26B1-mediated
retinoic acid clearance via AER-FGF signaling. Development 138:1913–1923
Reijntjes S, Gale E, Maden M (2003) Expression of the retinoic acid catabolizing enzyme CYP26B1
in the chick embryo and its regulation by retinoic acid. Gene Exp Patt 3:621–627
Reijntjes S, Zile MH, Maden M (2010) The expression of Stra6 and Rdh10 in the avian embryo
and their contribution to the generation of retinoid signatures. Int J Dev Biol 54:1267–1275
Rhinn M, Schubaur B, Niederreither K, Dolle P (2011) Involvement of retinol dehydrogenase 10
in embryonic patterning and rescue of its loss of function by maternal retinaldehyde treatment.
PNAS USA 108:16687–16692
Riddle RD, Johnson RL, Laufer E, Tabin C (1993) Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity
of the ZPA. Cell 75:1401–1416
Rosello-Diez A, Ros MA, Torres M (2011) Diffusable signals, not autonomous mechanisms,
determine the main proximodistal limb subdivisions. Science 332:1086–1088
Rutledge JC, Shourbaji AG, Hughes LA, Polifka JE, Cruz YP, Bishop JB, Generoso WM (1994)
Limb and lower-body duplications induced by retinoic acid in mice. PNAS USA 91:5436–5440
Sandell LL, Sanderson BW, Moiseyev G, Johnson T, Mushegian, A, Young, Rey J-P, Ma J, StaelingHampton K, Trainor PA (2007) RDH10 is essential for synthesis of embryonic retinoic acid and
is required for limb, craniofacial, and organ development. Genes Dev 21:1113–1124
Satre MA, Kochhar DM (1989) Elevations in the endogenous levels of the putative morphogen
retinoic acid in the embryonic mouse limb buds associated with limb dysmorphogenesis. Dev
Biol 133:529–536
Saunders JW, Gasseling MT (1968) Ectodermal-mesenchymal interactions in the origins of limb
asymmetry. In Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions eds Fleischmajer R, Billingham RE. pp 78–
97. Baltimore, Williams & Watkins
Scadding SR (1999) Citral, an inhibitor of retinoic acid synthesis, modifies pattern formation during
limb regeneration in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum. Canad J Zool 77:1835–1837
115
Niederreither K, Ward SJ, Dolle P, Chambon P (1996) Morphological and molecular characterization
of retinoic acid-induced limb duplications in mice. Dev Biol 176:185–198
Niswander L, Jeffrey S, Martin GR, Tickle C (1994) A positive feedback loop coordinates growth
and patterning in the vertebrate limb. Nature 371:609–612
Nohno T, Noji S, Koyama E, Ohyama K, Myokai F, Kuroiwa A, Saito T, Taniguchi S (1991)
Involvement of Chox-4 chicken homeobox genes in determination of anteroposterior axial polarity
during limb development. Cell 64:1197–1205
Noji S, Nohno T, Koyama E, Muto K, Ohyama K, Yoshinobu A, Tamura K, Ohsugi K, Ide H,
Taniguchi S, Saito T (1991) Retinoic acid induces polarizing activity but is unlikely to be a
morphogen in the chick limb bud. Nature 350:83–86
Oulad-Abdelghani M, Chazaud C, Bouillet P, Sapin V, Chambon P, Dolle P (1997) Meis2, a
novel mouse Pbx-related homeobox gene induced by retinoic acid during differentiation of P19
embryonal carcinoma cells. Dev Dynam 210:173–183
Pecorino LT, Lo DC, Brockes JP (1994) Isoform-specific induction of a retinoid-responsive antigen
after biolistic transfection of chimeric retinoic acid/thyroid hormone receptors into a regenerating
limb. Development 120:325–333
Pecorino LT, Entwistle A, Brockes JP (1996) Activation of a single retinoic acid receptor isoform
mediates proximodistal respecification. Curr Biol 6:563–569
Perez-Edwards A, Hardison NL, Linney E (2001) Retinoic acid-mediated gene expression in
transgenic reporter zebrafish. Dev Biol 229:89–101
Pickering J, Wali N, Towers M (2017) Transcriptional changes in chick wing bud polarization
induced by retinoic acid. Dev Dyn 246:682–690
Pittlik S, Begemann G (2012) New sources of retinoic acid synthesis revealed by live imaging of
an Aldh1a2-GFP reporter fusion protein throughout zebrafish development. Dev Dyn 241:1205–
1216
Probst S, Kraemer C, Demougin P, Sheth R, Martin GR, Shiratori H, Hamada H, Iber D, Zeller R,
Zuniga A (2011) SHH propagates distal limb bud development by enhancing CYP26B1-mediated
retinoic acid clearance via AER-FGF signaling. Development 138:1913–1923
Reijntjes S, Gale E, Maden M (2003) Expression of the retinoic acid catabolizing enzyme CYP26B1
in the chick embryo and its regulation by retinoic acid. Gene Exp Patt 3:621–627
Reijntjes S, Zile MH, Maden M (2010) The expression of Stra6 and Rdh10 in the avian embryo
and their contribution to the generation of retinoid signatures. Int J Dev Biol 54:1267–1275
Rhinn M, Schubaur B, Niederreither K, Dolle P (2011) Involvement of retinol dehydrogenase 10
in embryonic patterning and rescue of its loss of function by maternal retinaldehyde treatment.
PNAS USA 108:16687–16692
Riddle RD, Johnson RL, Laufer E, Tabin C (1993) Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity
of the ZPA. Cell 75:1401–1416
Rosello-Diez A, Ros MA, Torres M (2011) Diffusable signals, not autonomous mechanisms,
determine the main proximodistal limb subdivisions. Science 332:1086–1088
Rutledge JC, Shourbaji AG, Hughes LA, Polifka JE, Cruz YP, Bishop JB, Generoso WM (1994)
Limb and lower-body duplications induced by retinoic acid in mice. PNAS USA 91:5436–5440
Sandell LL, Sanderson BW, Moiseyev G, Johnson T, Mushegian, A, Young, Rey J-P, Ma J, StaelingHampton K, Trainor PA (2007) RDH10 is essential for synthesis of embryonic retinoic acid and
is required for limb, craniofacial, and organ development. Genes Dev 21:1113–1124
Satre MA, Kochhar DM (1989) Elevations in the endogenous levels of the putative morphogen
retinoic acid in the embryonic mouse limb buds associated with limb dysmorphogenesis. Dev
Biol 133:529–536
Saunders JW, Gasseling MT (1968) Ectodermal-mesenchymal interactions in the origins of limb
asymmetry. In Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions eds Fleischmajer R, Billingham RE. pp 78–
97. Baltimore, Williams & Watkins
Scadding SR (1999) Citral, an inhibitor of retinoic acid synthesis, modifies pattern formation during
limb regeneration in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum. Canad J Zool 77:1835–1837