9 Parts-Per-Million-Level Doping Effects …
251
39. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tandem photovoltaic cells formed in single
fullerene films by impurity doping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 233303 (3 pages) (2012)
40. Falkenberg, C., Uhrich, C., Olthof, S., Maennig, B., Riede, M., Leo, K.: Efficient type
organic solar cells incorporating 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as transparent
electron transport material. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 034506 (6 pages) (2008)
41. Yoshida, H.: Low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy using a high-resolution grating
spectrometer in the near ultraviolet range. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 103901 (5 pages) (2013)
42. Kubo, M., Iketaki, K., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Conduction-type control of fullerene films from
n- to p-type by molybdenum oxide doping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 073311 (3 pages) (2011)
43. Hiramoto, M., Fujiwara, H., Yokoyama, M.: Three-layered organic solar cell with a photoactive
interlayer of codeposited pigments. Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 1062–1064 (1991)
44. Hiramoto, M., Fujiwara, H., Yokoyama, M.: p-i-n like behavior in three-layered organic solar
cells having a co-deposited interlayer of pigments. J. Appl. Phys. 72, 3781–3787 (1992)
45. Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: pn-homojunction organic solar cells formed in phaseseparated co-deposited films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 263303 (4 pages) (2013)
46. Kubo, M., Shinmura, Y., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Junction formation by doping
in H 2 Pc:C 60 co-evaporated films for solar cell application. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 581, 13–17
(2013)
47. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tandem organic solar cells formed in codeposited films by doping. Org. Electron. 14, 1793–1796 (2013)
48. Hamwi, S., Meyer, J., Winkler, T., Riedl, T., Kowalsky, W.: p-type doping efficiency of MoO 3
in organic hole transport materials. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 253307 (3 pages) (2009)
49. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Doping-based control of the energetic structure
of photovoltaic co-deposited films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 133301 (3 pages) (2011)
50. Kröger, M., Hamwi, S., Meyer, J., Riedl, T., Kowalsky, W., Kahn, A.: P-type doping of organic
wide band gap materials by transition metal oxides: A case-study on Molybdenum trioxide.
Org. Electron. 10, 932–938 (2009)
51. Tietze, M., Burtone, L., Riede, M., Lussem, B., Leo, K.: Fermi level shift and doping efficiency in p-doped small molecule organic semiconductors: A photoelectron spectroscopy and
theoretical study. Phys. Rev. B, 86, 035320 (12 pages) (2012)
52. Walzer, K., Maennig, B., Pfeiffer, M., Leo, K.: Highly efficient organic devices based on
electrically doped transport layers. Chem. Rev. 107, 1233–1271 (2007b)
53. deMello, J.C., Tessler, N., Graham, S.C., Friend, R.H.: Ionic space-charge effects in polymer
light-emitting diodes. Phys. Rev. B 57, 12951–12963 (1998)
54. Hiramoto, M., Tomioka, A., Suemori, K.: Yokoyama, M. Formation of ohmic contacts to
perylene molecular crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1852–1854 (2004)
55. Kubo, M., Shinmura, Y., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Invertible organic photovoltaic
cells with heavily-doped organic/metal ohmic contacts. Appl. Phys. Exp. 5, 092302 (3 pages)
(2012)
56. Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto M.: pn-homojunction formation in single fullerene films. AIP
Advances 1, 032177 (5 pages) (2011)
57. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tandem photovoltaic cells formed in single
fullerene films by impurity doping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 233303 (3pages) (2012)
58. Hiramoto, M., Suezaki, M., Yokoyama, M.: Effect of thin gold interstitial-layer on the
photovoltaic properties of tandem organic solar cell. Chem. Lett. 19, 327–330 (1990)
59. Yuan, Y., Huang, J., Li, G.: Intermediate layers in tandem organic solar cells. Green 1, 65–80
(2011)
60. Sze, S.M.: Physics of Semiconductor Devices. Wiley, New York (1969)
61. Yamashina, Y., Shinmura, Y., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Mapping of band-bending
in organic pn-homojunctions. J. Appl. Phys. 117, 125501 (5 pages) (2015)
62. Shinmura, Y., Kubo, M., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: pn-control and pn-homojunction
formation of metal-free phthalocyanine by doping. AIP Advances 2, 032145 (6 pages) (2012)
63. Ishiyama, N., Yoshioka, T., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tuning of barrier parameters of n-type
Schottky junctions in photovoltaic co-deposited films by doping. Appl. Phys. Exp. 6, 012301
(3 pages) (2013)
251
39. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tandem photovoltaic cells formed in single
fullerene films by impurity doping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 233303 (3 pages) (2012)
40. Falkenberg, C., Uhrich, C., Olthof, S., Maennig, B., Riede, M., Leo, K.: Efficient type
organic solar cells incorporating 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as transparent
electron transport material. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 034506 (6 pages) (2008)
41. Yoshida, H.: Low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy using a high-resolution grating
spectrometer in the near ultraviolet range. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 103901 (5 pages) (2013)
42. Kubo, M., Iketaki, K., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Conduction-type control of fullerene films from
n- to p-type by molybdenum oxide doping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 073311 (3 pages) (2011)
43. Hiramoto, M., Fujiwara, H., Yokoyama, M.: Three-layered organic solar cell with a photoactive
interlayer of codeposited pigments. Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 1062–1064 (1991)
44. Hiramoto, M., Fujiwara, H., Yokoyama, M.: p-i-n like behavior in three-layered organic solar
cells having a co-deposited interlayer of pigments. J. Appl. Phys. 72, 3781–3787 (1992)
45. Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: pn-homojunction organic solar cells formed in phaseseparated co-deposited films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 263303 (4 pages) (2013)
46. Kubo, M., Shinmura, Y., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Junction formation by doping
in H 2 Pc:C 60 co-evaporated films for solar cell application. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 581, 13–17
(2013)
47. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tandem organic solar cells formed in codeposited films by doping. Org. Electron. 14, 1793–1796 (2013)
48. Hamwi, S., Meyer, J., Winkler, T., Riedl, T., Kowalsky, W.: p-type doping efficiency of MoO 3
in organic hole transport materials. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 253307 (3 pages) (2009)
49. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Doping-based control of the energetic structure
of photovoltaic co-deposited films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 133301 (3 pages) (2011)
50. Kröger, M., Hamwi, S., Meyer, J., Riedl, T., Kowalsky, W., Kahn, A.: P-type doping of organic
wide band gap materials by transition metal oxides: A case-study on Molybdenum trioxide.
Org. Electron. 10, 932–938 (2009)
51. Tietze, M., Burtone, L., Riede, M., Lussem, B., Leo, K.: Fermi level shift and doping efficiency in p-doped small molecule organic semiconductors: A photoelectron spectroscopy and
theoretical study. Phys. Rev. B, 86, 035320 (12 pages) (2012)
52. Walzer, K., Maennig, B., Pfeiffer, M., Leo, K.: Highly efficient organic devices based on
electrically doped transport layers. Chem. Rev. 107, 1233–1271 (2007b)
53. deMello, J.C., Tessler, N., Graham, S.C., Friend, R.H.: Ionic space-charge effects in polymer
light-emitting diodes. Phys. Rev. B 57, 12951–12963 (1998)
54. Hiramoto, M., Tomioka, A., Suemori, K.: Yokoyama, M. Formation of ohmic contacts to
perylene molecular crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 1852–1854 (2004)
55. Kubo, M., Shinmura, Y., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Invertible organic photovoltaic
cells with heavily-doped organic/metal ohmic contacts. Appl. Phys. Exp. 5, 092302 (3 pages)
(2012)
56. Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto M.: pn-homojunction formation in single fullerene films. AIP
Advances 1, 032177 (5 pages) (2011)
57. Ishiyama, N., Kubo, M., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tandem photovoltaic cells formed in single
fullerene films by impurity doping. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 233303 (3pages) (2012)
58. Hiramoto, M., Suezaki, M., Yokoyama, M.: Effect of thin gold interstitial-layer on the
photovoltaic properties of tandem organic solar cell. Chem. Lett. 19, 327–330 (1990)
59. Yuan, Y., Huang, J., Li, G.: Intermediate layers in tandem organic solar cells. Green 1, 65–80
(2011)
60. Sze, S.M.: Physics of Semiconductor Devices. Wiley, New York (1969)
61. Yamashina, Y., Shinmura, Y., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Mapping of band-bending
in organic pn-homojunctions. J. Appl. Phys. 117, 125501 (5 pages) (2015)
62. Shinmura, Y., Kubo, M., Ishiyama, N., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: pn-control and pn-homojunction
formation of metal-free phthalocyanine by doping. AIP Advances 2, 032145 (6 pages) (2012)
63. Ishiyama, N., Yoshioka, T., Kaji, T., Hiramoto, M.: Tuning of barrier parameters of n-type
Schottky junctions in photovoltaic co-deposited films by doping. Appl. Phys. Exp. 6, 012301
(3 pages) (2013)