5 Polymer Solar Cells: Development of π-Conjugated Polymers …
119
18. Ando, S., Nishida, J., Tada, H., Inoue, Y., Y, S., Yamashita, S.: High performance n-type organic
field-effect transistors based on π-electronic systems with trifluoromethylphenyl groups. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 127, 5336–5337 (2005)
19. Peng, Q., Peng, J.-B., Kang, E.T., Neoh, K.G., Cao, Y.: Synthesis and electroluminescent
properties of copolymers based on fluorene and 2, 5-di(2-hexyloxyphenyl) thiazolothiazole.
Macromolecules 38, 7272–7298 (2005)
20. Osaka, I., Sauvé, G., Zhang, R., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, R.D.: Novel thiophenethiazolothiazole copolymers for organic field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater. 19, 4160–4165
(2007)
21. Osaka, I., Zhang, R., Sauvé, G., Smilgies, D.M., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, R.D.: Highlamellar ordering and amorphous-like π-network in short-chain thiazolothiazole-thiophene
copolymers lead to high mobilities. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 2521–2529 (2009)
22. McCulloch, I., Heeney, M., Bailey, C., Genevicius, K., MacDonald, I., Shkunov, M., Sparrowe, D., Tierney, S., Wagner, R., Zhang, W., Chabinyc, M.L., Kline, R.J., McGehee, M.D.,
Toney, M.F.: Liquid-crystalline semiconducting polymers with high charge-carrier mobility.
Nat. Mater. 5, 328–333 (2006)
23. Osaka, I., Saito, M., Mori, H., Koganezawa, T., Takimiya, K.: Drastic change of molecular
orientation in a thiazolothiazole copolymer by molecular-weight control and blending with
PC 61 BM leads to high efficiencies in solar cells. Adv. Mater. 24, 425–430 (2012)
24. Osaka, I., Zhang, R., Liu, J., Smilgies, D.M., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, R.D.: Highly stable
semiconducting polymers based on thiazolothiazole. Chem. Mater. 22, 4191–4196 (2010)
25. Osaka, I., Saito, M., Koganezawa, T., Takimiya, K.: Thiophene–thiazolothiazole copolymers: significant impact of side chain composition on backbone orientation and solar cell
performances. Adv. Mater. 26, 331–338 (2014)
26. Saito, M., Koganezawa, T., Osaka, I.: Correlation between distribution of polymer orientation
and cell structure in organic photovoltaics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 10, 32420–32425
(2018)
27. Rivnay, J., Mannsfeld, S.C.B., Miller, C.E., Salleo, A., Toney, M.F.: Quantitative determination
of organic semiconductor microstructure from the molecular to device scale. Chem. Rev. 112,
5488–5519 (2012)
28. Duong, D.T., Toney, M.F., Salleo, A.: Role of confinement and aggregation in charge transport
in semicrystalline polythiophene thin films. Phys. Rev. B 86, 205205 (2012)
29. Xu, Z., Chen, L.-M., Yang, G., Huang, C.-H., Hou, J., Wu, J., Li, G., Hsu, C.-S., Yang,
Y.: Vertical phase separation in poly(3-hexylthiophene): fullerene derivative blends and its
advantage for inverted structure solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 1227–1234 (2009)
30. Guo, S., Zhou, N., Lou, S.J., Smith, J., Tice, D.B., Hennek, J.W., Ortiz, R.P., Navarrete, J.T.L.,
Li, S., Strzalka, J., Chen, L.X., Chang, R.P.H., Facchetti, A., Marks, T.J.: Polymer solar cells
with enhanced fill factors. Nat. Photon 7, 825–833 (2013)
31. Blouin, N., Michaud, A., Gendron, D., Wakim, S., Blair, E., Neagu-Plesu, R., Belletetê, M.,
Durocher, G., Tao, Y., Leclerc, M.: Toward a rational design of poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives
for solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 732–742 (2008)
32. Zhou, E., Cong, J., Hashimoto, K., Tajima, K.: A benzoselenadiazole-based low band gap
polymer: synthesis and photovoltaic application. Macromolecules 46, 763–768 (2013)
33. Kawashima, K., Osaka, I., Takimiya, K.: Effect of chalcogen Aatom on the properties of
naphthobischalcogenadiazole-based π-conjugated polymers. Chem. Mater. 27, 6558–6570
(2015)
34. Zhang, Z., Lin, F., Chen, H.C., Wu, H.C., Chung, C.L., Lu, C., Liu, S.H., Tung, S.H., Chen,
W.C., Wong, K.T., Chou, P.T.: A Silole copolymer containing a ladder-type Heptacylic Arene
and Naphthobisoxadiazole Moieties for highly efficient polymer solar cells. Energy Environ.
Sci. 8, 552–557 (2015)
35. Wang, M., Hu, X., Liu, P., Li, W., Gong, X., Huang, F., Cao, Y.: Donor–acceptor conjugated
polymer based on naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole for high-performance polymer
solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 9638–9641 (2011)
119
18. Ando, S., Nishida, J., Tada, H., Inoue, Y., Y, S., Yamashita, S.: High performance n-type organic
field-effect transistors based on π-electronic systems with trifluoromethylphenyl groups. J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 127, 5336–5337 (2005)
19. Peng, Q., Peng, J.-B., Kang, E.T., Neoh, K.G., Cao, Y.: Synthesis and electroluminescent
properties of copolymers based on fluorene and 2, 5-di(2-hexyloxyphenyl) thiazolothiazole.
Macromolecules 38, 7272–7298 (2005)
20. Osaka, I., Sauvé, G., Zhang, R., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, R.D.: Novel thiophenethiazolothiazole copolymers for organic field-effect transistors. Adv. Mater. 19, 4160–4165
(2007)
21. Osaka, I., Zhang, R., Sauvé, G., Smilgies, D.M., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, R.D.: Highlamellar ordering and amorphous-like π-network in short-chain thiazolothiazole-thiophene
copolymers lead to high mobilities. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 2521–2529 (2009)
22. McCulloch, I., Heeney, M., Bailey, C., Genevicius, K., MacDonald, I., Shkunov, M., Sparrowe, D., Tierney, S., Wagner, R., Zhang, W., Chabinyc, M.L., Kline, R.J., McGehee, M.D.,
Toney, M.F.: Liquid-crystalline semiconducting polymers with high charge-carrier mobility.
Nat. Mater. 5, 328–333 (2006)
23. Osaka, I., Saito, M., Mori, H., Koganezawa, T., Takimiya, K.: Drastic change of molecular
orientation in a thiazolothiazole copolymer by molecular-weight control and blending with
PC 61 BM leads to high efficiencies in solar cells. Adv. Mater. 24, 425–430 (2012)
24. Osaka, I., Zhang, R., Liu, J., Smilgies, D.M., Kowalewski, T., McCullough, R.D.: Highly stable
semiconducting polymers based on thiazolothiazole. Chem. Mater. 22, 4191–4196 (2010)
25. Osaka, I., Saito, M., Koganezawa, T., Takimiya, K.: Thiophene–thiazolothiazole copolymers: significant impact of side chain composition on backbone orientation and solar cell
performances. Adv. Mater. 26, 331–338 (2014)
26. Saito, M., Koganezawa, T., Osaka, I.: Correlation between distribution of polymer orientation
and cell structure in organic photovoltaics. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 10, 32420–32425
(2018)
27. Rivnay, J., Mannsfeld, S.C.B., Miller, C.E., Salleo, A., Toney, M.F.: Quantitative determination
of organic semiconductor microstructure from the molecular to device scale. Chem. Rev. 112,
5488–5519 (2012)
28. Duong, D.T., Toney, M.F., Salleo, A.: Role of confinement and aggregation in charge transport
in semicrystalline polythiophene thin films. Phys. Rev. B 86, 205205 (2012)
29. Xu, Z., Chen, L.-M., Yang, G., Huang, C.-H., Hou, J., Wu, J., Li, G., Hsu, C.-S., Yang,
Y.: Vertical phase separation in poly(3-hexylthiophene): fullerene derivative blends and its
advantage for inverted structure solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 1227–1234 (2009)
30. Guo, S., Zhou, N., Lou, S.J., Smith, J., Tice, D.B., Hennek, J.W., Ortiz, R.P., Navarrete, J.T.L.,
Li, S., Strzalka, J., Chen, L.X., Chang, R.P.H., Facchetti, A., Marks, T.J.: Polymer solar cells
with enhanced fill factors. Nat. Photon 7, 825–833 (2013)
31. Blouin, N., Michaud, A., Gendron, D., Wakim, S., Blair, E., Neagu-Plesu, R., Belletetê, M.,
Durocher, G., Tao, Y., Leclerc, M.: Toward a rational design of poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives
for solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 732–742 (2008)
32. Zhou, E., Cong, J., Hashimoto, K., Tajima, K.: A benzoselenadiazole-based low band gap
polymer: synthesis and photovoltaic application. Macromolecules 46, 763–768 (2013)
33. Kawashima, K., Osaka, I., Takimiya, K.: Effect of chalcogen Aatom on the properties of
naphthobischalcogenadiazole-based π-conjugated polymers. Chem. Mater. 27, 6558–6570
(2015)
34. Zhang, Z., Lin, F., Chen, H.C., Wu, H.C., Chung, C.L., Lu, C., Liu, S.H., Tung, S.H., Chen,
W.C., Wong, K.T., Chou, P.T.: A Silole copolymer containing a ladder-type Heptacylic Arene
and Naphthobisoxadiazole Moieties for highly efficient polymer solar cells. Energy Environ.
Sci. 8, 552–557 (2015)
35. Wang, M., Hu, X., Liu, P., Li, W., Gong, X., Huang, F., Cao, Y.: Donor–acceptor conjugated
polymer based on naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole for high-performance polymer
solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 9638–9641 (2011)