154
7.5 Bioprinting Polymeric Materials
Several natural or synthetic biodegradable polymers have been successfully used
for the development of 3D printed scaffolds, which mimic natural bone. These polymers must be designed with the requested properties and variable degradation rates
to meet the requirements of the bone tissue to be replaced (Jammalamadaka and
Tappa 2018). The polymers most used as bone graft material are calcium phosphatecollagen- chitosan NPs or poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-graphene (Bohner et al. 2013;
Table 7.2 3D printed polymer composites for dental applications
Polymers
Printing technologies
Improved properties
References
Diurethane dimethacrylate
(UDMA)/glycerol
dimethacrylate (GDMA) with
positively charged quaternary
ammonium groups
incorporated
STL
Antibacterial activity
against Streptococcus
mutans.
Yue et al.
(2015)
Graphene oxide (GO)-loaded
PLA and poly(urethane) (PU)
FDM
Antibacterial activity
and mechanical
resistance.
Chen et al.
(2017)
PCL loaded with antimicrobial
metals such as copper (Cu),
silver (Ag) and zinc.
FDM
Antibacterial activity
against S. aureus.
Muwaffak
et al. (2017)
PMMA and poly(butyl
methacrylate) (PBMA) using
poly(ethylene glycol)
dimethacrylate (PEGDA) as
crosslinking agent.
STL
Mechanical and
biological.
Ronca et al.
(2017)
TiO 2 NP-loaded PMMA.
DLP
Antibacterial activity
against Candida
species.
Totu et al.
(2017b)
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)
and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)
(PVP) loaded with tetracycline
hydrochloride.
Electrohydrodynamic
3D printing technique
Antibacterial activity,
hydrophobicity and
mechanical resistance.
Wang et al.
(2017)
PMMA loaded with cellulose
nanocrystals (CNCs), coated
with poly(dopamine) and
decorated with Ag NPs.
DLP
Antibacterial activity
against E. coli and S.
aureus.
Chen et al.
(2018a)
TiO 2 NPs-loaded PEEK/
PMMA copolymer.
STL
Antibacterial activity
against E. coli and S.
aureus.
Chen et al.
(2018b)
PMMA and PLA loaded with
calculated amount of
Gentamicin sulfate
FDM
Antibacterial activity. Mills et al.
(2018)
Carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK. FDM
Biocompatibility and
mechanical strength.
Han et al.
(2019)
C. M. Cristache and E. E. Totu
7.5 Bioprinting Polymeric Materials
Several natural or synthetic biodegradable polymers have been successfully used
for the development of 3D printed scaffolds, which mimic natural bone. These polymers must be designed with the requested properties and variable degradation rates
to meet the requirements of the bone tissue to be replaced (Jammalamadaka and
Tappa 2018). The polymers most used as bone graft material are calcium phosphatecollagen- chitosan NPs or poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-graphene (Bohner et al. 2013;
Table 7.2 3D printed polymer composites for dental applications
Polymers
Printing technologies
Improved properties
References
Diurethane dimethacrylate
(UDMA)/glycerol
dimethacrylate (GDMA) with
positively charged quaternary
ammonium groups
incorporated
STL
Antibacterial activity
against Streptococcus
mutans.
Yue et al.
(2015)
Graphene oxide (GO)-loaded
PLA and poly(urethane) (PU)
FDM
Antibacterial activity
and mechanical
resistance.
Chen et al.
(2017)
PCL loaded with antimicrobial
metals such as copper (Cu),
silver (Ag) and zinc.
FDM
Antibacterial activity
against S. aureus.
Muwaffak
et al. (2017)
PMMA and poly(butyl
methacrylate) (PBMA) using
poly(ethylene glycol)
dimethacrylate (PEGDA) as
crosslinking agent.
STL
Mechanical and
biological.
Ronca et al.
(2017)
TiO 2 NP-loaded PMMA.
DLP
Antibacterial activity
against Candida
species.
Totu et al.
(2017b)
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)
and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)
(PVP) loaded with tetracycline
hydrochloride.
Electrohydrodynamic
3D printing technique
Antibacterial activity,
hydrophobicity and
mechanical resistance.
Wang et al.
(2017)
PMMA loaded with cellulose
nanocrystals (CNCs), coated
with poly(dopamine) and
decorated with Ag NPs.
DLP
Antibacterial activity
against E. coli and S.
aureus.
Chen et al.
(2018a)
TiO 2 NPs-loaded PEEK/
PMMA copolymer.
STL
Antibacterial activity
against E. coli and S.
aureus.
Chen et al.
(2018b)
PMMA and PLA loaded with
calculated amount of
Gentamicin sulfate
FDM
Antibacterial activity. Mills et al.
(2018)
Carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK. FDM
Biocompatibility and
mechanical strength.
Han et al.
(2019)
C. M. Cristache and E. E. Totu