76
A. S. Kazemi and M. A. Abdol
21. Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic
strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321:385–388. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.115
7996
22. Ni Z, Wang H, Kasim J, Fan H, Yu T, Wu YH, Feng Y, Shen Z (2007) Graphene thickness
determination using reflection and contrast spectroscopy. Nano Lett 7:2758–2763. https://doi.
org/10.1021/nl071254m
23. Akinwande D, Huyghebaert C, Wang C-H, Serna MI, Goossens S, Li L-J, Wong H-SP,
Koppens FH (2019) Graphene and two-dimensional materials for silicon technology. Nature
573:507–518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1573-9
24. Yang X, Zhang G, Prakash J, Chen Z, Gauthier M, Sun S (2019) Chemical vapour deposition
of graphene: layer control, the transfer process, characterisation, and related applications. Int
Rev Phys Chem 38:149–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144235x.2019.1634319
25. Akbari SA, Ghafarinia V, Larsen T, Parmar MM, Villanueva LG (2020) Large suspended
monolayer and Bilayer Graphene membranes with diameter up to 750 µm. Scientific Reports
10:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63562-y
26. Guirguis A, Maina JW, Zhang X, Henderson LC, Kong L, Shon H, Dumée LF (2020) Applications of nano-porous graphene materials–critical review on performance and challenges.
Mater Horizons 7:1218–1245. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9mh01570a
27. Koenig SP, Wang L, Pellegrino J, Bunch JS (2012) Selective molecular sieving through porous
graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 7:728–732. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.162
28. O’Hern SC, Stewart CA, Boutilier MS, Idrobo J-C, Bhaviripudi S, Das SK, Kong J, Laoui T,
Atieh M, Karnik R (2012) Selective molecular transport through intrinsic defects in a single
layer of CVD graphene. ACS Nano 6:10130–10138. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn303869m
29. Celebi K, Buchheim J, Wyss RM, Droudian A, Gasser P, Shorubalko I, Kye J-I, Lee C, Park HG
(2014) Ultimate permeation across atomically thin porous graphene. Science 344:289–292.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1249097
30. Boutilier MS, Jang D, Idrobo J-C, Kidambi PR, Hadjiconstantinou NG, Karnik R (2017)
Molecular sieving across centimeter-scale single-layer nanoporous graphene membranes.
ACS Nano 11:5726–5736. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b01231
31. Surwade SP, Smirnov SN, Vlassiouk IV, Unocic RR, Veith GM, Dai S, Mahurin SM (2015)
Water desalination using nanoporous single-layer graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 10:459–464.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.37
32. Jang D, Idrobo J-C, Laoui T, Karnik R (2017) Water and solute transport governed by tunable
pore size distributions in nanoporous graphene membranes. ACS Nano 11:10042–10052.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b04299
33. O’Hern SC, Jang D, Bose S, Idrobo J-C, Song Y, Laoui T, Kong J, Karnik R (2015) Nanofiltration across defect-sealed nanoporous monolayer graphene. Nano Lett 15:3254–3260. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00456
34. Jiao L, Zhang L, Wang X, Diankov G, Dai H (2009) Narrow graphene nanoribbons from
carbon nanotubes. Nature 458:877–880. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07919
35. Niu F, Liu J-M, Tao L-M, Wang W, Song W-G (2013) Nitrogen and silica co-doped graphene
nanosheets for NO 2 gas sensing. J Mater Chem A 1:6130–6133. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3t
a11070b
36. Fan X, Zhang G, Zhang F (2015) Multiple roles of graphene in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem
Soc Rev 44:3023–3035. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00094g
37. Shen J-W, Li J, Liu F, Zhang L, Liang L, Wang H, Wu J-Y (2020) A molecular dynamics
study on water desalination using single-layer MoSe2 nanopore. J Membr Sci 595: https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117611
38. Li H, Ko T-J, Lee M, Chung H-S, Han SS, Oh KH, Sadmani A, Kang H, Jung Y (2019)
Experimental realization of few layer two-dimensional MoS 2 membranes of near atomic
thickness for high efficiency water desalination. Nano Lett 19:5194–5204. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.nanolett.9b01577
39. Qiu H, Xue M, Shen C, Zhang Z, Guo W (2019) Graphynes for water desalination and gas
separation. Adv Mater 31:1803772. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803772
A. S. Kazemi and M. A. Abdol
21. Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW, Hone J (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic
strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321:385–388. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.115
7996
22. Ni Z, Wang H, Kasim J, Fan H, Yu T, Wu YH, Feng Y, Shen Z (2007) Graphene thickness
determination using reflection and contrast spectroscopy. Nano Lett 7:2758–2763. https://doi.
org/10.1021/nl071254m
23. Akinwande D, Huyghebaert C, Wang C-H, Serna MI, Goossens S, Li L-J, Wong H-SP,
Koppens FH (2019) Graphene and two-dimensional materials for silicon technology. Nature
573:507–518. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1573-9
24. Yang X, Zhang G, Prakash J, Chen Z, Gauthier M, Sun S (2019) Chemical vapour deposition
of graphene: layer control, the transfer process, characterisation, and related applications. Int
Rev Phys Chem 38:149–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144235x.2019.1634319
25. Akbari SA, Ghafarinia V, Larsen T, Parmar MM, Villanueva LG (2020) Large suspended
monolayer and Bilayer Graphene membranes with diameter up to 750 µm. Scientific Reports
10:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63562-y
26. Guirguis A, Maina JW, Zhang X, Henderson LC, Kong L, Shon H, Dumée LF (2020) Applications of nano-porous graphene materials–critical review on performance and challenges.
Mater Horizons 7:1218–1245. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9mh01570a
27. Koenig SP, Wang L, Pellegrino J, Bunch JS (2012) Selective molecular sieving through porous
graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 7:728–732. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.162
28. O’Hern SC, Stewart CA, Boutilier MS, Idrobo J-C, Bhaviripudi S, Das SK, Kong J, Laoui T,
Atieh M, Karnik R (2012) Selective molecular transport through intrinsic defects in a single
layer of CVD graphene. ACS Nano 6:10130–10138. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn303869m
29. Celebi K, Buchheim J, Wyss RM, Droudian A, Gasser P, Shorubalko I, Kye J-I, Lee C, Park HG
(2014) Ultimate permeation across atomically thin porous graphene. Science 344:289–292.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1249097
30. Boutilier MS, Jang D, Idrobo J-C, Kidambi PR, Hadjiconstantinou NG, Karnik R (2017)
Molecular sieving across centimeter-scale single-layer nanoporous graphene membranes.
ACS Nano 11:5726–5736. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b01231
31. Surwade SP, Smirnov SN, Vlassiouk IV, Unocic RR, Veith GM, Dai S, Mahurin SM (2015)
Water desalination using nanoporous single-layer graphene. Nat Nanotechnol 10:459–464.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.37
32. Jang D, Idrobo J-C, Laoui T, Karnik R (2017) Water and solute transport governed by tunable
pore size distributions in nanoporous graphene membranes. ACS Nano 11:10042–10052.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b04299
33. O’Hern SC, Jang D, Bose S, Idrobo J-C, Song Y, Laoui T, Kong J, Karnik R (2015) Nanofiltration across defect-sealed nanoporous monolayer graphene. Nano Lett 15:3254–3260. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00456
34. Jiao L, Zhang L, Wang X, Diankov G, Dai H (2009) Narrow graphene nanoribbons from
carbon nanotubes. Nature 458:877–880. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07919
35. Niu F, Liu J-M, Tao L-M, Wang W, Song W-G (2013) Nitrogen and silica co-doped graphene
nanosheets for NO 2 gas sensing. J Mater Chem A 1:6130–6133. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3t
a11070b
36. Fan X, Zhang G, Zhang F (2015) Multiple roles of graphene in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem
Soc Rev 44:3023–3035. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00094g
37. Shen J-W, Li J, Liu F, Zhang L, Liang L, Wang H, Wu J-Y (2020) A molecular dynamics
study on water desalination using single-layer MoSe2 nanopore. J Membr Sci 595: https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117611
38. Li H, Ko T-J, Lee M, Chung H-S, Han SS, Oh KH, Sadmani A, Kang H, Jung Y (2019)
Experimental realization of few layer two-dimensional MoS 2 membranes of near atomic
thickness for high efficiency water desalination. Nano Lett 19:5194–5204. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.nanolett.9b01577
39. Qiu H, Xue M, Shen C, Zhang Z, Guo W (2019) Graphynes for water desalination and gas
separation. Adv Mater 31:1803772. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803772