20
A. A. Inyinbor et al.
• Semiconductor NPs are nanomaterials with quantum dot effect, luminescence and
optoelectronic properties. Due to their extremely small sizes (1–20 nm), they find
applications in electronic and bio-sensing [49, 52–54].
3.2 Plastics and Nanoplastics
Plastics are man-made petrochemical products with vast applications in various
sectors. The classifications of recycled and unrecycled plastics based on the Society
of Plastics Industries (SPI) are polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene
(HDPE), and polystyrene (PS). The relevance of plastics could be accessed in food
and beverages, packaging, textile, consumer products, transportation, electrical and
electronics, and industrial machinery [59]. Despite the global application and advantages derived from plastics, their indiscriminate disposal in the environment has been
a global challenge for more than five decades. Presented in Fig. 3a–d are pictures of
menace created by the indiscriminate disposal of plastics.
a
b
c
d
Fig. 3 Different landfill sites with plastics waste around the world [60]
A. A. Inyinbor et al.
• Semiconductor NPs are nanomaterials with quantum dot effect, luminescence and
optoelectronic properties. Due to their extremely small sizes (1–20 nm), they find
applications in electronic and bio-sensing [49, 52–54].
3.2 Plastics and Nanoplastics
Plastics are man-made petrochemical products with vast applications in various
sectors. The classifications of recycled and unrecycled plastics based on the Society
of Plastics Industries (SPI) are polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene
(HDPE), and polystyrene (PS). The relevance of plastics could be accessed in food
and beverages, packaging, textile, consumer products, transportation, electrical and
electronics, and industrial machinery [59]. Despite the global application and advantages derived from plastics, their indiscriminate disposal in the environment has been
a global challenge for more than five decades. Presented in Fig. 3a–d are pictures of
menace created by the indiscriminate disposal of plastics.
a
b
c
d
Fig. 3 Different landfill sites with plastics waste around the world [60]