240
G.-R. Xu
the industrial application feasibility and the recycle utilization, perhaps it is
desirable to load the nanosheets onto the traditional supports, such as ceramic
membranes, polymeric hollow fiber membranes, and electrospun nanofibrous
membranes that has been successfully used in water separation,
(d) Propel the feasibility in industrial scale
The majority of 2D nanosheets in desalination are based on the theoretical
studies. There is still a long way to realize the realistic large-scale desalination and solutes separation using 2D nanosheets. Combined with the research
gap analysis, further works should be devoted to the large-scale synthesis of
stable membranes. Spacing distance between the 2D nanosheets in membranes
should be precisely controlled via greener and more environmentally friendly
synthesis routes.
Overall, MOFs, MXene and zeolite nanosheets exhibit great potential in water
remediation and desalination owing to their unique structures. With the ongoing
efforts, their practical applications and roles in water resource remediation could be
promisingly anticipated.
References and Future Readings
1. Van Loosdrecht MC, Brdjanovic D (2014) Anticipating the next century of wastewater
treatment. Science 344:1452–1453
2. Werber JR, Osuji CO, Elimelech M (2016) Materials for next-generation desalination and
water purification membranes. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1:16018
3. Ismail A, Padaki M, Hilal N, Matsuura T, Lau W (2015) Thin film composite membrane-recent
development and future potential. Desalination 356:140–148
4. Yang Z, Saeki D, Matsuyama H (2018) Zwitterionic polymer modification of polyamide
reverse-osmosis membranes via surface amination and atom transfer radical polymerization
for anti-biofouling. J. Membr. Sci. 550:332–339
5. Goh P, Ismail A, Hilal N (2016) Nano-enabled membranes technology: sustainable and
revolutionary solutions for membrane desalination? Desalination 380:100–104
6. Xu GR, Xu JM, Feng HJ, Zhao HL, Wu SB (2017) Tailoring structures and performance of
polyamide thin film composite (PA-TFC) desalination membranes via sublayers adjustment-a
review. Desalination 417:19–35
7. Thür R, Corvilain M, Klaysom C, Hartanto Y, Vankelecom IF (2019) Tuning the selectivity of
thin film composite forward osmosis membranes: effect of co-solvent and different interfacial
polymerization synthesis routes. Sep. Purif. Technol. 227:115671
8. Cohen-Tanugi D, McGovern RK, Dave SH, Lienhard JH, Grossman JC (2014) Quantifying
the potential of ultra-permeable membranes for water desalination. Energy Environ. Sci.
7:1134–1141
9. Karabelas AJ, Koutsou CP, Kostoglou M, Sioutopoulos DC (2018) Analysis of specific energy
consumption in reverse osmosis desalination processes. Desalination 431:15–21
10. Gao Q, Xu J, Bu XH (2019) Recent advances about metal–organic frameworks in the removal
of pollutants from wastewater. Coordin. Chem. Rev. 378:17–31
11. Montes-Hernandez G, Concha-Lozano N, Renard F, Quirico E (2009) Removal of oxyanions from synthetic wastewater via carbonation process of calcium hydroxide: Applied and
fundamental aspects. J. Hazard. Mater. 166:788–795
G.-R. Xu
the industrial application feasibility and the recycle utilization, perhaps it is
desirable to load the nanosheets onto the traditional supports, such as ceramic
membranes, polymeric hollow fiber membranes, and electrospun nanofibrous
membranes that has been successfully used in water separation,
(d) Propel the feasibility in industrial scale
The majority of 2D nanosheets in desalination are based on the theoretical
studies. There is still a long way to realize the realistic large-scale desalination and solutes separation using 2D nanosheets. Combined with the research
gap analysis, further works should be devoted to the large-scale synthesis of
stable membranes. Spacing distance between the 2D nanosheets in membranes
should be precisely controlled via greener and more environmentally friendly
synthesis routes.
Overall, MOFs, MXene and zeolite nanosheets exhibit great potential in water
remediation and desalination owing to their unique structures. With the ongoing
efforts, their practical applications and roles in water resource remediation could be
promisingly anticipated.
References and Future Readings
1. Van Loosdrecht MC, Brdjanovic D (2014) Anticipating the next century of wastewater
treatment. Science 344:1452–1453
2. Werber JR, Osuji CO, Elimelech M (2016) Materials for next-generation desalination and
water purification membranes. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1:16018
3. Ismail A, Padaki M, Hilal N, Matsuura T, Lau W (2015) Thin film composite membrane-recent
development and future potential. Desalination 356:140–148
4. Yang Z, Saeki D, Matsuyama H (2018) Zwitterionic polymer modification of polyamide
reverse-osmosis membranes via surface amination and atom transfer radical polymerization
for anti-biofouling. J. Membr. Sci. 550:332–339
5. Goh P, Ismail A, Hilal N (2016) Nano-enabled membranes technology: sustainable and
revolutionary solutions for membrane desalination? Desalination 380:100–104
6. Xu GR, Xu JM, Feng HJ, Zhao HL, Wu SB (2017) Tailoring structures and performance of
polyamide thin film composite (PA-TFC) desalination membranes via sublayers adjustment-a
review. Desalination 417:19–35
7. Thür R, Corvilain M, Klaysom C, Hartanto Y, Vankelecom IF (2019) Tuning the selectivity of
thin film composite forward osmosis membranes: effect of co-solvent and different interfacial
polymerization synthesis routes. Sep. Purif. Technol. 227:115671
8. Cohen-Tanugi D, McGovern RK, Dave SH, Lienhard JH, Grossman JC (2014) Quantifying
the potential of ultra-permeable membranes for water desalination. Energy Environ. Sci.
7:1134–1141
9. Karabelas AJ, Koutsou CP, Kostoglou M, Sioutopoulos DC (2018) Analysis of specific energy
consumption in reverse osmosis desalination processes. Desalination 431:15–21
10. Gao Q, Xu J, Bu XH (2019) Recent advances about metal–organic frameworks in the removal
of pollutants from wastewater. Coordin. Chem. Rev. 378:17–31
11. Montes-Hernandez G, Concha-Lozano N, Renard F, Quirico E (2009) Removal of oxyanions from synthetic wastewater via carbonation process of calcium hydroxide: Applied and
fundamental aspects. J. Hazard. Mater. 166:788–795