Introduction
11
and heavy metal ions removal. These materials have been significantly spotlighted
for their tremendous possibility in separation science. The synthesis methods of these
materials are fundamentally important and described in detail. Both the theoretical
and experimental works, demonstrating the feasibility of such materials to fabricate
future state-of-the-art technologies are given. An interesting section focusing on
the intercalation of these 2D nanosheets into relatively classical GO membranes to
develop an ultra-grade water purification method is underlined. Readers will find
some research gaps and the author’s perspective in the last part of this chapter.
References and Future Readings
1. Das R, Abd Hamid SB, Annuar MSM (2016) Highly efficient and stable novel nanobiohybrid
catalyst to avert 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid pollutant in water. Sci Rep 6:1–11
2. Das R, Leo BF, Murphy F (2018) The toxic truth about carbon nanotubes in water purification:
a perspective view. Nanoscale Res Lett 13:183
3. Das R, Vecitis CD, Schulze A, Cao B, Ismail AF, Lu X et al (2017) Recent advances in
nanomaterials for water protection and monitoring. Chem Soc Rev 46:6946–7020
4. Pan C-Y, Xu G-R, Xu K, Zhao H-L, Wu Y-Q, Su H-C, et al. (2019) Electrospun nanofibrous
membranes in membrane distillation: recent developments and future perspectives. Sep Purifn
Technol 2019:221:44–63
5. Xu G-R, Xu J-M, Su H-C, Liu X-Y, Zhao H-L, Feng H-J et al (2019) Two-dimensional
(2D) nanoporous membranes with sub-nanopores in reverse osmosis desalination: Latest
developments and future directions. Desalination 451:18–34
6. Bhimanapati GR, Lin Z, Meunier V, Jung Y, Cha J, Das S et al (2015) Recent advances in
two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. ACS Nano 9:11509–11539
7. Wee B-H, Wu T-F, Hong J-D (2017) Facile and scalable synthesis method for high-quality
few-layer graphene through solution-based exfoliation of graphite. ACS Appl Mater Inter
9:4548–4557
8. Allen MJ, Tung VC, Kaner RB (2010) Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. Chem l Rev
110:132–45
9. Novoselov KS, Geim A (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191
10. Das R (2017) Advanced membrane materials for desalination: carbon nanotube and graphene.
In Inorganic Pollutants in Wastewater: methods of analysis, removal and treatment 16:322
11. You Y, Sahajwalla V, Yoshimura M, Joshi RK (2016) Graphene and graphene oxide for
desalination. Nanoscale 8:117–119
12. Thebo KH, Qian X, Zhang Q, Chen L, Cheng H-M, Ren W (2018) Highly stable grapheneoxide-based membranes with superior permeability. Nat Commun 9:1–8
13. Chen C, Wang J, Liu D, Yang C, Liu Y, Ruoff RS et al (2018) Functionalized boron nitride
membranes with ultrafast solvent transport performance for molecular separation. Nature
Commun 9:1–8
14. Sainsbury T, Satti A, May P, Wang Z, McGovern I, Gun’ko YK et al (2012) Oxygen radical
functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 134:18758-71
15. Jw S, Yw J, Sw P, Nah H, Moon T, Park B et al (2007) Two-dimensional nanosheet crystals.
Ange Chem Inter Edt 46:8828–8831
16. Wu Z, Fang B, Bonakdarpour A, Sun A, Wilkinson DP, Wang D (2012) WS2 nanosheets
as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Appl Catal B: Environ
125:59–66
17. Heiranian M, Farimani AB, Aluru NR (2015) Water desalination with a single-layer MoS 2
nanopore. Nat. Commun. 6:1–6
11
and heavy metal ions removal. These materials have been significantly spotlighted
for their tremendous possibility in separation science. The synthesis methods of these
materials are fundamentally important and described in detail. Both the theoretical
and experimental works, demonstrating the feasibility of such materials to fabricate
future state-of-the-art technologies are given. An interesting section focusing on
the intercalation of these 2D nanosheets into relatively classical GO membranes to
develop an ultra-grade water purification method is underlined. Readers will find
some research gaps and the author’s perspective in the last part of this chapter.
References and Future Readings
1. Das R, Abd Hamid SB, Annuar MSM (2016) Highly efficient and stable novel nanobiohybrid
catalyst to avert 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid pollutant in water. Sci Rep 6:1–11
2. Das R, Leo BF, Murphy F (2018) The toxic truth about carbon nanotubes in water purification:
a perspective view. Nanoscale Res Lett 13:183
3. Das R, Vecitis CD, Schulze A, Cao B, Ismail AF, Lu X et al (2017) Recent advances in
nanomaterials for water protection and monitoring. Chem Soc Rev 46:6946–7020
4. Pan C-Y, Xu G-R, Xu K, Zhao H-L, Wu Y-Q, Su H-C, et al. (2019) Electrospun nanofibrous
membranes in membrane distillation: recent developments and future perspectives. Sep Purifn
Technol 2019:221:44–63
5. Xu G-R, Xu J-M, Su H-C, Liu X-Y, Zhao H-L, Feng H-J et al (2019) Two-dimensional
(2D) nanoporous membranes with sub-nanopores in reverse osmosis desalination: Latest
developments and future directions. Desalination 451:18–34
6. Bhimanapati GR, Lin Z, Meunier V, Jung Y, Cha J, Das S et al (2015) Recent advances in
two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. ACS Nano 9:11509–11539
7. Wee B-H, Wu T-F, Hong J-D (2017) Facile and scalable synthesis method for high-quality
few-layer graphene through solution-based exfoliation of graphite. ACS Appl Mater Inter
9:4548–4557
8. Allen MJ, Tung VC, Kaner RB (2010) Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. Chem l Rev
110:132–45
9. Novoselov KS, Geim A (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191
10. Das R (2017) Advanced membrane materials for desalination: carbon nanotube and graphene.
In Inorganic Pollutants in Wastewater: methods of analysis, removal and treatment 16:322
11. You Y, Sahajwalla V, Yoshimura M, Joshi RK (2016) Graphene and graphene oxide for
desalination. Nanoscale 8:117–119
12. Thebo KH, Qian X, Zhang Q, Chen L, Cheng H-M, Ren W (2018) Highly stable grapheneoxide-based membranes with superior permeability. Nat Commun 9:1–8
13. Chen C, Wang J, Liu D, Yang C, Liu Y, Ruoff RS et al (2018) Functionalized boron nitride
membranes with ultrafast solvent transport performance for molecular separation. Nature
Commun 9:1–8
14. Sainsbury T, Satti A, May P, Wang Z, McGovern I, Gun’ko YK et al (2012) Oxygen radical
functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 134:18758-71
15. Jw S, Yw J, Sw P, Nah H, Moon T, Park B et al (2007) Two-dimensional nanosheet crystals.
Ange Chem Inter Edt 46:8828–8831
16. Wu Z, Fang B, Bonakdarpour A, Sun A, Wilkinson DP, Wang D (2012) WS2 nanosheets
as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Appl Catal B: Environ
125:59–66
17. Heiranian M, Farimani AB, Aluru NR (2015) Water desalination with a single-layer MoS 2
nanopore. Nat. Commun. 6:1–6