128
S. Pakdel et al.
Fig. 9 Comparison between the stress–strain plot of neat PMMA and PMMA–GO mixed matrix.
The figure is adapted with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry [93]
by melt mixing. As seen in Fig. 9, a considerable difference in tensile properties is
observed by loading a very low concentration of GO.
4 GO- and rGO-Based Nanocomposite Membranes
for Water Purification
The amazing characteristics of graphene derivatives like GO and rGO have presented
a promising role in developing of nanocomposite membranes [18, 52, 113, 114]. On
the other hand, modifying conventional membranes by incorporating GO- and rGObased materials is a novel approach for water purification. Recently, considerable
efforts have been done in the incorporation of GO and rGO into polymer matrix
membranes as nanofillers, in order to improve water permeability and salt rejection. GO and rGO have proven to be effective fillers in polymer nanocomposite
membrane because of their ideal properties and dispersibility in polymer matrixes
[115, 116]. Ganesh et al. [38] prepared GO by oxidation of graphite applying KMnO 4
as an oxidizing agent. Then prepared GO was incorporated into PSF-based matrix to
prepare PSF–GO mixed matrix membrane. They used wet-phase inversion method
to prepare the PSF–GO membrane. To study the effect of the GO nanofiller, 1000
and 2000 ppm of GO were loaded in the fabrication of nanocomposite membrane.
The prepared GO and PSF–GO were characterized using some instrumental methods
such as SEM, AFM, FTIR, etc. The results revealed that the impregnated GO into PSF
S. Pakdel et al.
Fig. 9 Comparison between the stress–strain plot of neat PMMA and PMMA–GO mixed matrix.
The figure is adapted with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry [93]
by melt mixing. As seen in Fig. 9, a considerable difference in tensile properties is
observed by loading a very low concentration of GO.
4 GO- and rGO-Based Nanocomposite Membranes
for Water Purification
The amazing characteristics of graphene derivatives like GO and rGO have presented
a promising role in developing of nanocomposite membranes [18, 52, 113, 114]. On
the other hand, modifying conventional membranes by incorporating GO- and rGObased materials is a novel approach for water purification. Recently, considerable
efforts have been done in the incorporation of GO and rGO into polymer matrix
membranes as nanofillers, in order to improve water permeability and salt rejection. GO and rGO have proven to be effective fillers in polymer nanocomposite
membrane because of their ideal properties and dispersibility in polymer matrixes
[115, 116]. Ganesh et al. [38] prepared GO by oxidation of graphite applying KMnO 4
as an oxidizing agent. Then prepared GO was incorporated into PSF-based matrix to
prepare PSF–GO mixed matrix membrane. They used wet-phase inversion method
to prepare the PSF–GO membrane. To study the effect of the GO nanofiller, 1000
and 2000 ppm of GO were loaded in the fabrication of nanocomposite membrane.
The prepared GO and PSF–GO were characterized using some instrumental methods
such as SEM, AFM, FTIR, etc. The results revealed that the impregnated GO into PSF