278
Post-Soviet US–Caspian relations, 138
Pre-theoretical variables, 42
Protocol on Cooperation in Combating
Organized Crime in the Sea, 108
Protocol on Cooperation in the Field of
Counter-Terrorism in the Caspian
Sea, 108
Pro-Western attitude, 168
Pro-Western regimes, 168
Purchasing power parity (PPP), 249
Q
Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), 194
Qualitative research, 21, 22
R
Raphael, Sam, 29
Realism paradigm, 7
Realist methods, 141
Regional Energy Markets, 186
Regional policy
Iran's, 57, 58
Renewable energy, 203, 213, 220, 235
Research method, 20
Resource-dependent economies, 131
Russia
in Asian energy market, 55
and China, 56
energy exports, 48
energy policy, 48, 51–53
“Energy Superpower”, 54, 56, 57
foreign policy, 48
leaders, 48
liquid fuel-producer, 48
oil exports, 48
oil gas interests in the Caspian Sea, 53
political economy, 51
strengthening power, 92
Trans-Caspian Pipeline project, 55
under Putin’s rule
business-like approach, 50
coalition against terrorism, 50
energy policy, 50
geography, 49
liberals, 49
privatization, 49
Sakhalin II oil and gas project, 49
Russia’s New Caspian policy, 50
Russian #1 political leverage, 159
Russian-centric approach, 47
Russian dominance, 232
Russian policy, 238
S
Sakhalin II oil and gas project, 49
Sanctions
automotive industry, 205
energy sectors, 204
LNG to Iranian oil, 206
on Iranian oil exports, 208
on pipeline projects, 230
on Saudi Arabia, 220
on Venezuela, 209
shale production, 223
Saudi Arabia, 251
SCO energy club, 97–99
Security barrier, 14
Security dilemma, 15
Shaffer, Brenda, 29
Shah Deniz 2 natural gas, 67
Shale gas production, 158
Shale gas revolution, 150
consumers and producers opportunities, 175
energy policy (see US energy policy)
international relations, 176
international security aims, 171
LNG, 171
market prices, 171
natural gas, 170, 171
positive effect, 170
US Energy Information
Administration, 171
US foreign policy, 172–175
US leadership, 171
US private sector, 171
Shale Gas Revolution, 242, 243
and US Foreign Policy, 246
Shale gas technology, 173
Shale oil, 153, 201, 202, 212, 213, 215, 216,
218–220, 230
Shale reserves, 173
Shale revolution, 223
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO),
95–97, 99, 100
regional organizations, 46
Shock therapy, 39
Silk Road economic belt, 191
Social objectives, 144
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, 199
Solar technology, 198
South Asia Women’s Entrepreneurship
Symposium, 187
South Stream natural gas pipeline
project, 118
Southern Gas Corridor, 110–113
aim, 154
Azerbaijan, 154, 155
Index
Post-Soviet US–Caspian relations, 138
Pre-theoretical variables, 42
Protocol on Cooperation in Combating
Organized Crime in the Sea, 108
Protocol on Cooperation in the Field of
Counter-Terrorism in the Caspian
Sea, 108
Pro-Western attitude, 168
Pro-Western regimes, 168
Purchasing power parity (PPP), 249
Q
Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), 194
Qualitative research, 21, 22
R
Raphael, Sam, 29
Realism paradigm, 7
Realist methods, 141
Regional Energy Markets, 186
Regional policy
Iran's, 57, 58
Renewable energy, 203, 213, 220, 235
Research method, 20
Resource-dependent economies, 131
Russia
in Asian energy market, 55
and China, 56
energy exports, 48
energy policy, 48, 51–53
“Energy Superpower”, 54, 56, 57
foreign policy, 48
leaders, 48
liquid fuel-producer, 48
oil exports, 48
oil gas interests in the Caspian Sea, 53
political economy, 51
strengthening power, 92
Trans-Caspian Pipeline project, 55
under Putin’s rule
business-like approach, 50
coalition against terrorism, 50
energy policy, 50
geography, 49
liberals, 49
privatization, 49
Sakhalin II oil and gas project, 49
Russia’s New Caspian policy, 50
Russian #1 political leverage, 159
Russian-centric approach, 47
Russian dominance, 232
Russian policy, 238
S
Sakhalin II oil and gas project, 49
Sanctions
automotive industry, 205
energy sectors, 204
LNG to Iranian oil, 206
on Iranian oil exports, 208
on pipeline projects, 230
on Saudi Arabia, 220
on Venezuela, 209
shale production, 223
Saudi Arabia, 251
SCO energy club, 97–99
Security barrier, 14
Security dilemma, 15
Shaffer, Brenda, 29
Shah Deniz 2 natural gas, 67
Shale gas production, 158
Shale gas revolution, 150
consumers and producers opportunities, 175
energy policy (see US energy policy)
international relations, 176
international security aims, 171
LNG, 171
market prices, 171
natural gas, 170, 171
positive effect, 170
US Energy Information
Administration, 171
US foreign policy, 172–175
US leadership, 171
US private sector, 171
Shale Gas Revolution, 242, 243
and US Foreign Policy, 246
Shale gas technology, 173
Shale oil, 153, 201, 202, 212, 213, 215, 216,
218–220, 230
Shale reserves, 173
Shale revolution, 223
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO),
95–97, 99, 100
regional organizations, 46
Shock therapy, 39
Silk Road economic belt, 191
Social objectives, 144
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, 199
Solar technology, 198
South Asia Women’s Entrepreneurship
Symposium, 187
South Stream natural gas pipeline
project, 118
Southern Gas Corridor, 110–113
aim, 154
Azerbaijan, 154, 155
Index