276
I
India
boosted neighborhood stretching, 87
Caspian Sea and Central Asian region, 87
Connect Central Asia Policy, 87, 88
economic corporation agreement, 88
economic growth, 86
energy security, 89
energy strategy, 86
flow of liquidity, 90
geo-economy, 88, 89
industrial activities, 90
vs. international energy market, 90
Iran and Russia, 88
volatility, oil prices, 89
India’s oil imports, 86
Informal markets, 125
Initiative for the Development of Gas Shale
Gas (GSGI), 152
Inter-connector Greece-Bulgaria (IGB)
projects, 155
Intermediate fuel, 173
International Association for Energy
Economics (IAEE), 18
International North–South Transport Corridor
(INSTC), 103–105
International Office of the Department of
Energy, 152
International policy agenda, 151
International political economy, 41
Interviews, 19
Iran
American threats against Iran fuel
shipment, 210–212
Caspian Basin energy supplies, 57
economies, 209
energy connectivity, regional politics, 59
energy interdependency, 59
energy profile, 61
energy strategy, 59, 60
foreign policy, 208
gasoline to Venezuela, 209
maximum pressure policy, 208
oil exports, 208
oil swap, 61
oil transport, 61
regional policy, 57, 58
regional security, 57
strategic benefits, 59
Iran natural gas sector, 178
Iran nuclear program, 177
Iran’s oil exports, 205
Iranian energy industry, 177
Iranian energy sector, 78, 174
Iranian foreign policy, 104
Iranian gas, 78
Iranian Revolution, 46
Iranian sanctions, 168
Islamic radicalism, 70
J
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
(JCPOA), 204–208
K
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO), 64
Kashagan oil field, 64, 65
routes, 65
Kazakhstan
China-Kazakhstan oil pipeline, 63
energy geopolitics, 62
export routes for Kashagan oil, 65, 66
Karachaganak oil field, 64
Kashagan oil field, 64, 65
natural gas, 62
oil-producing region, 62
revenue from oil imports, 62
Tengiz oil field, 63, 64
uncertainty of Kremlin, 62
Kish Basin, 178
Klare, Michael, 4
Kleptocratic regimes, 156
Kurdish petro-state, 167
L
Leaders, 11
Legal status, Caspian Sea, 106–108, 110
Liquefaction Terminal, 158
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
American LNG, 200
and Covid-19, 221, 222
Egyptian LNG, 200
imports, 228, 229
marketing, 158
terminal, 155
trade, 200
Loss of Chechnya, 27
M
Manufacturing companies, 173
Maximum pressure policy, 208
Mearsheimer theory, 9, 14
Middle East, 46
Modern realism, 2
Index
I
India
boosted neighborhood stretching, 87
Caspian Sea and Central Asian region, 87
Connect Central Asia Policy, 87, 88
economic corporation agreement, 88
economic growth, 86
energy security, 89
energy strategy, 86
flow of liquidity, 90
geo-economy, 88, 89
industrial activities, 90
vs. international energy market, 90
Iran and Russia, 88
volatility, oil prices, 89
India’s oil imports, 86
Informal markets, 125
Initiative for the Development of Gas Shale
Gas (GSGI), 152
Inter-connector Greece-Bulgaria (IGB)
projects, 155
Intermediate fuel, 173
International Association for Energy
Economics (IAEE), 18
International North–South Transport Corridor
(INSTC), 103–105
International Office of the Department of
Energy, 152
International policy agenda, 151
International political economy, 41
Interviews, 19
Iran
American threats against Iran fuel
shipment, 210–212
Caspian Basin energy supplies, 57
economies, 209
energy connectivity, regional politics, 59
energy interdependency, 59
energy profile, 61
energy strategy, 59, 60
foreign policy, 208
gasoline to Venezuela, 209
maximum pressure policy, 208
oil exports, 208
oil swap, 61
oil transport, 61
regional policy, 57, 58
regional security, 57
strategic benefits, 59
Iran natural gas sector, 178
Iran nuclear program, 177
Iran’s oil exports, 205
Iranian energy industry, 177
Iranian energy sector, 78, 174
Iranian foreign policy, 104
Iranian gas, 78
Iranian Revolution, 46
Iranian sanctions, 168
Islamic radicalism, 70
J
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
(JCPOA), 204–208
K
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO), 64
Kashagan oil field, 64, 65
routes, 65
Kazakhstan
China-Kazakhstan oil pipeline, 63
energy geopolitics, 62
export routes for Kashagan oil, 65, 66
Karachaganak oil field, 64
Kashagan oil field, 64, 65
natural gas, 62
oil-producing region, 62
revenue from oil imports, 62
Tengiz oil field, 63, 64
uncertainty of Kremlin, 62
Kish Basin, 178
Klare, Michael, 4
Kleptocratic regimes, 156
Kurdish petro-state, 167
L
Leaders, 11
Legal status, Caspian Sea, 106–108, 110
Liquefaction Terminal, 158
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
American LNG, 200
and Covid-19, 221, 222
Egyptian LNG, 200
imports, 228, 229
marketing, 158
terminal, 155
trade, 200
Loss of Chechnya, 27
M
Manufacturing companies, 173
Maximum pressure policy, 208
Mearsheimer theory, 9, 14
Middle East, 46
Modern realism, 2
Index