Acknowledgements Authors are grateful to the Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit-UCIBIO,
which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/Multi/04378/2013) and co-financed
by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007728). CMS
acknowledges the support from Project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 (Microbiologia
Molecular, Estrutural e Celular) funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE 2020-Programa
Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and from FCT- Fundação para a
Ciência e a Tecnologia (PTDC/BIA-BFS/31026/2017). TM thanks the financial support from
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Fellowship PD/BD/109687/2015).
References
1. Forster RJ (2017) Editorial: sensors and biosensors. Curr Opin Electrochem 3:1–3. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2017.10.002
2. Monteiro T, Almeida MG (2019) Electrochemical enzyme biosensors revisited: old solutions
for new problems. Crit Rev Anal Chem 49:44–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2018.
1461552
3. Turner APF (2013) Biosensors: sense and sensibility. Chem Soc Rev 42:3184–3196. https://
doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35528d
4. Markets and Markets (2019) Biosensors market by type (sensor patch and embedded
device), product (wearable and nonwearable), technology (electrochemical and optical),
application (POC, home diagnostics, research lab, food & beverages), and geography—
Global Forecast to 2024. In: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/
biosensors-market-798.html. Accessed Mar 2020
5. Grand View Research (2020) Biosensors market size, share & trends analysis report by
application (Agriculture, medical) by technology (thermal, electrochemical, optical), by end
use (PoC testing, food industry), and segment forecasts, 2019–2026. In: https://www.
grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/biosensors-market. Accessed Mar 2020
6. Yoo E-H, Lee S-Y (2010) Glucose biosensors: an overview of use in clinical practice.
Sensors 10:4558–4576. https://doi.org/10.3390/s100504558
7. Fagan RL, Palfey BA (2010) Flavin-dependent enzymes. In: Liu H-W, Mander L
(eds) Comprehensive natural products II. Elsevier Science, pp 37–113
8. Bartlett PN, Al-Lolage FA (2017) There is no evidence to support literature claims of direct
electron transfer (DET) for native glucose oxidase (GO x ) at carbon nanotubes or graphene.
J Electroanal Chem 819:26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.021
9. Wohlfahrt G, Witt S, Hendle J et al (1999) 1.8 and 1.9 Å resolution structures of the
Penicillium amagasakiense and Aspergillus niger glucose oxidases as a basis for modelling
substrate complexes. Acta Crystallogr Sect D: Biol Crystallogr 55:969–977. https://doi.org/
10.1107/S0907444999003431
10. Dijkman WP, de Gonzalo G, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW (2013) Flavoprotein oxidases:
classification and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:5177–5188. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s00253-013-4925-7
11. Wilson R, Turner APF (1992) Glucose oxidase: an ideal enzyme. Biosens Bioelectron
7:165–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(92)87013-F
12. Bankar SB, Bule MV, Singhal RS, Ananthanarayan L (2009) Glucose oxidase—an
overview. Biotechnol Adv 27:489–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.003
13. Wang J (2008) Electrochemical glucose biosensors. Chem Rev 108:814–825. https://doi.org/
10.1021/cr068123a
14. Azevedo AM, Prazeres DMF, Cabral JMS, Fonseca LP (2005) Ethanol biosensors based on
alcohol oxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 21:235–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.
030
Selective Enzymes at the Core of Advanced Electroanalytical …
345
which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UID/Multi/04378/2013) and co-financed
by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007728). CMS
acknowledges the support from Project LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007660 (Microbiologia
Molecular, Estrutural e Celular) funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE 2020-Programa
Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and from FCT- Fundação para a
Ciência e a Tecnologia (PTDC/BIA-BFS/31026/2017). TM thanks the financial support from
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Fellowship PD/BD/109687/2015).
References
1. Forster RJ (2017) Editorial: sensors and biosensors. Curr Opin Electrochem 3:1–3. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2017.10.002
2. Monteiro T, Almeida MG (2019) Electrochemical enzyme biosensors revisited: old solutions
for new problems. Crit Rev Anal Chem 49:44–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2018.
1461552
3. Turner APF (2013) Biosensors: sense and sensibility. Chem Soc Rev 42:3184–3196. https://
doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35528d
4. Markets and Markets (2019) Biosensors market by type (sensor patch and embedded
device), product (wearable and nonwearable), technology (electrochemical and optical),
application (POC, home diagnostics, research lab, food & beverages), and geography—
Global Forecast to 2024. In: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/
biosensors-market-798.html. Accessed Mar 2020
5. Grand View Research (2020) Biosensors market size, share & trends analysis report by
application (Agriculture, medical) by technology (thermal, electrochemical, optical), by end
use (PoC testing, food industry), and segment forecasts, 2019–2026. In: https://www.
grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/biosensors-market. Accessed Mar 2020
6. Yoo E-H, Lee S-Y (2010) Glucose biosensors: an overview of use in clinical practice.
Sensors 10:4558–4576. https://doi.org/10.3390/s100504558
7. Fagan RL, Palfey BA (2010) Flavin-dependent enzymes. In: Liu H-W, Mander L
(eds) Comprehensive natural products II. Elsevier Science, pp 37–113
8. Bartlett PN, Al-Lolage FA (2017) There is no evidence to support literature claims of direct
electron transfer (DET) for native glucose oxidase (GO x ) at carbon nanotubes or graphene.
J Electroanal Chem 819:26–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.021
9. Wohlfahrt G, Witt S, Hendle J et al (1999) 1.8 and 1.9 Å resolution structures of the
Penicillium amagasakiense and Aspergillus niger glucose oxidases as a basis for modelling
substrate complexes. Acta Crystallogr Sect D: Biol Crystallogr 55:969–977. https://doi.org/
10.1107/S0907444999003431
10. Dijkman WP, de Gonzalo G, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW (2013) Flavoprotein oxidases:
classification and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97:5177–5188. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s00253-013-4925-7
11. Wilson R, Turner APF (1992) Glucose oxidase: an ideal enzyme. Biosens Bioelectron
7:165–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-5663(92)87013-F
12. Bankar SB, Bule MV, Singhal RS, Ananthanarayan L (2009) Glucose oxidase—an
overview. Biotechnol Adv 27:489–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.003
13. Wang J (2008) Electrochemical glucose biosensors. Chem Rev 108:814–825. https://doi.org/
10.1021/cr068123a
14. Azevedo AM, Prazeres DMF, Cabral JMS, Fonseca LP (2005) Ethanol biosensors based on
alcohol oxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 21:235–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.
030
Selective Enzymes at the Core of Advanced Electroanalytical …
345