Table 5
Reductase-based biosensors construction and analytical characterization
Enzyme Source
Transduction
a
Analyte Immobilization/electrode
Electron
transfer
Detection
limit
Linear range
Sample
References
eNaR A. niger
Potentiometric
Nitrate NaR + PPy + Azure A electropolymerization/Pt
–
10
µM
5 0µM–5 mM
Buffer
[210]
eNaR A. niger
Conductometric
Nitrate drop cast NaR + BSA +
glutaraldehyde + Nafion + MV/Au
–
5
µM
2 0
–250 µM
Waters
[211]
eNaR A. niger
Amperometric
(−0.25 V)
Nitrate NaR + PPy + Azure A electropolymerization/Pt Mediated
(Azure A)
0.5
µM
20–500
µM
Buffer
[212]
cd
1 NiR M.
hydrocarbonoclasticus
Amperometric
(0 V)
Nitrite drop cast PVA + cd
1 NiR + cyt c
552 followed by
photopolymerization/CSPE
Mediated
(cyt c
552 )
0.075
µM 10–200
µM
Buffer
[213]
ccNiR D. desulfuricans
Voltammetric (CV,
−0.8 V)
Nitrite drop cast SWCNTs/drop cast ccNiR/PG
Direct ET
2.1
µM
up to 150
µM
Buffer
[214]
NO reductase M.
hydrocarbonoclasticus
Voltammetric
(SWV,
−0.68 V)
NO
drop cast NOR + MWCNT + BMIMBF
4 ionic
liquid/PG
Direct ET
0.07
µM
0.23–4.76
µM
Buffer
[215]
DMSO reductase R.
sphaeroides
Amperometric
(−0.75 V)
DMSO drop cast Nafion + MV/DMSO
reductase + dialysis membrane/GC
Mediated
(MV)
–
up to 600
µM
Buffer
[216]
TMAO reductase E. coli
Amperometric
(−0.8 V)
TMAO drop cast TMAO reductase chimera + dialysis
membrane/G
Mediated
(MV in
solution)
2.96 nM
2–110
lM
Human serum
[85]
Perchlorate reductase
Dechlorosoma
sp.
Amperometric
(−0.8 V)
ClO
4
−
drop cast Nafion/drop cast perchlorate
reductase + MV + dialysis membrane/GC
Mediated
(MV)
–
25–100
lg L
−1
Buffer
[217]
GSH reductase wheat
germ
Amperometric
(−0.7 V)
GSSG GNP electrodeposition/polyTTBA
electropolymerization/drop cast GSH
reductase + NADPH/GC
Mediated
(NADPH)
12.5 nM
100–2.5 mM
Plasma
[207]
(continued)
Selective Enzymes at the Core of Advanced Electroanalytical …
333
Reductase-based biosensors construction and analytical characterization
Enzyme Source
Transduction
a
Analyte Immobilization/electrode
Electron
transfer
Detection
limit
Linear range
Sample
References
eNaR A. niger
Potentiometric
Nitrate NaR + PPy + Azure A electropolymerization/Pt
–
10
µM
5 0µM–5 mM
Buffer
[210]
eNaR A. niger
Conductometric
Nitrate drop cast NaR + BSA +
glutaraldehyde + Nafion + MV/Au
–
5
µM
2 0
–250 µM
Waters
[211]
eNaR A. niger
Amperometric
(−0.25 V)
Nitrate NaR + PPy + Azure A electropolymerization/Pt Mediated
(Azure A)
0.5
µM
20–500
µM
Buffer
[212]
cd
1 NiR M.
hydrocarbonoclasticus
Amperometric
(0 V)
Nitrite drop cast PVA + cd
1 NiR + cyt c
552 followed by
photopolymerization/CSPE
Mediated
(cyt c
552 )
0.075
µM 10–200
µM
Buffer
[213]
ccNiR D. desulfuricans
Voltammetric (CV,
−0.8 V)
Nitrite drop cast SWCNTs/drop cast ccNiR/PG
Direct ET
2.1
µM
up to 150
µM
Buffer
[214]
NO reductase M.
hydrocarbonoclasticus
Voltammetric
(SWV,
−0.68 V)
NO
drop cast NOR + MWCNT + BMIMBF
4 ionic
liquid/PG
Direct ET
0.07
µM
0.23–4.76
µM
Buffer
[215]
DMSO reductase R.
sphaeroides
Amperometric
(−0.75 V)
DMSO drop cast Nafion + MV/DMSO
reductase + dialysis membrane/GC
Mediated
(MV)
–
up to 600
µM
Buffer
[216]
TMAO reductase E. coli
Amperometric
(−0.8 V)
TMAO drop cast TMAO reductase chimera + dialysis
membrane/G
Mediated
(MV in
solution)
2.96 nM
2–110
lM
Human serum
[85]
Perchlorate reductase
Dechlorosoma
sp.
Amperometric
(−0.8 V)
ClO
4
−
drop cast Nafion/drop cast perchlorate
reductase + MV + dialysis membrane/GC
Mediated
(MV)
–
25–100
lg L
−1
Buffer
[217]
GSH reductase wheat
germ
Amperometric
(−0.7 V)
GSSG GNP electrodeposition/polyTTBA
electropolymerization/drop cast GSH
reductase + NADPH/GC
Mediated
(NADPH)
12.5 nM
100–2.5 mM
Plasma
[207]
(continued)
Selective Enzymes at the Core of Advanced Electroanalytical …
333