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53. Dobbelaere S, Vanderleyden J, Okon Y (2003) Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs
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principles as regulators of soil enzyme production and ecosystem function. In: Shukla G,
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adjacent cultivated, forest and native grassland soils. Plant Soil 233:251–259. https://doi.org/
10.1023/A:1010526209076
38. Yang ZX, Liu SQ, Zheng DW, Feng SD (2006) Effects of cadium, zinc and lead on soil
enzyme activities. J Environ Sci (China) 18:1135–1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742
(06)60051-X
39. Brzezinska M, Stepniewska Z, Stepnewski W (2001) Dehydrogenase and catalase activity of
soil irrigated with municipal wastewater. Pol J Environ Stud 10:307–3011
40. Gajda A, Martyniuk S (2005) Microbial biomass C and N and activity of enzymes in soil
under winter wheat grown in different crop management systems. Pol J Environ Stud 14
(2):159–163
41. Mazzoncini M, Sapkota TB, Bàrberi P et al (2011) Long-term effect of tillage, nitrogen
fertilization and cover crops on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. Soil Tillage Res
114:165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.05.001
42. Tiemann LK, Grandy AS, Atkinson EE et al (2015) Crop rotational diversity enhances
belowground communities and functions in an agroecosystem. Ecol Lett 18:761–771. https://
doi.org/10.1111/ele.12453
43. Mitchel DC, Castellano MJ, Sawyer JE, Pantoja J (2013) Cover crop effects on nitrous oxide
emissions: role of mineralizable carbon. Soil Sci Soc Am J 77:1765. https://doi.org/10.2136/
sssaj2013.02.0074
44. Chavarría DN, Verdenelli RA, Serri DL et al (2016) Effect of cover crops on microbial
community structure and related enzyme activities and macronutrient availability. Eur J Soil
Biol 76:74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2016.07.002
45. Kaschuk G, Alberton O, Hungria M (2010) Three decades of soil microbial biomass studies in
Brazilian ecosystems: lessons learned about soil quality and indicators for improving
sustainability. Soil Biol Biochem 42:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.08.020
46. Sardans J, Peñuelas J (2005) Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean
Quercus ilex L. forest. Soil Biol Biochem 37:455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.
08.004
47. Maharjan M, Sanaullah M, Razavi BS, Kuzyakov Y (2017) Effect of land use and
management practices on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in subtropical top- and
sub-soils. Appl Soil Ecol 113:22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.01.008
48. Zhang Q, Zhou W, Liang GQ, Wang XB et al (2015) Effects of different organic manures on
the biochemical and microbial characteristics of albic paddy soil in a short-term experiment.
PLoS ONE 10:e0124096. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124096
49. Ayuni N, Radziah O, Naher UAA et al (2015) Effect of nitrogen on nitrogenase activity of
diazotrophs and total bacterial population in rice soil. J Anim Plant Sci 25:1358–1364
50. Coelho MRR, Marriel IE, Jenkins SN et al (2009) Molecular detection and quantification of
nifH gene sequences in the rhizosphere of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) sown with two levels
of nitrogen fertilizer. Appl Soil Ecol 42:48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.01.010
51. Davison J (1988) Plant beneficial bacteria. Nat Biotechnol 6:282–286. https://doi.org/10.
1038/nbt0388-282
52. Kloepper JW, Lifshitz R, Zablotowicz RM (1989) Free-living bacteria inocula for enhancing
crop productivity. Trends Biotechnol 7:39–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(89)90057-7
53. Dobbelaere S, Vanderleyden J, Okon Y (2003) Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs
in the rhizosphere. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 22:107–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/713610853
54. Allison SD, Weintraub MN, Gartner TB, Waldrop MP (2010) Evolutionary-economic
principles as regulators of soil enzyme production and ecosystem function. In: Shukla G,
Varma A (eds) Soil enzimology. Soil Biol 22: Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3642-14225-3_12
55. Gianfreda L (2015) Enzymes of importance to rhizosphere processes. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr
15:283–306. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-9516201500500002
152
C. M. d. S. Cordovil et al.