3
Moving Nanoparticles Around: Phase-Transfer Processes in Nanomaterials
Synthesis 31
M. Sastry
3.1
Introduction 31
3.2
Water-Based Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis 33
3.2.1
Advantages 33
3.2.2
Disadvantages 33
3.3
Organic Solution-Based Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles 33
3.3.1
Advantages 33
3.3.2
Disadvantages 34
3.4
Moving Gold Nanoparticles Around 34
3.4.1
Phase Transfer of Aqueous Gold Nanoparticles to Non-Polar Organic
Solvents 34
3.4.2
Transfer of Organically Soluble Gold Nanoparticles to Water 43
Acknowledgments 48
References 49
4
Mesoscopic Assembly and Other Properties of Metal and Semiconductor
Nanocrystals 51
G. U. Kulkarni, P. J. Thomas, and C. N. R. Rao
Abstract 51
4.1
Introduction 51
4.2
Synthetic Strategies 53
4.2.1
General Methods 53
4.2.2
Size Control 55
4.2.3
Shape Control 57
4.2.4
Tailoring the Ligand Shell 58
4.3
Programmed Assemblies 61
4.3.1
One-Dimensional Arrangements 61
4.3.2
Two-Dimensional Arrays 62
4.3.2.1 Arrays of Metal Nanocrystals 63
4.3.2.2 Arrays of Semiconductor Nanocrystals 65
4.3.2.3 Arrays of Oxide Nanocrystals 66
4.3.2.4 Other Two-Dimensional Arrangements 68
4.3.2.5 Stability and Phase Behaviour of Two-Dimensional Arrays 68
4.3.3
Three-Dimensional Superlattices 71
4.3.4
Superclusters 73
4.3.5
Colloidal Crystals 75
4.3.6
Nanocrystal Patterning 75
4.4
Emerging Applications 77
4.4.1
Isolated Nanocrystals 78
4.4.2
Collective Properties 82
4.4.3
Nanocomputing 86
4.5
Conclusions 86
References 88
Contents
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