Particles in a photoelectrochemical
slurry cell and the relevance to
photodetoxification reactions. J. Phys.
Chem. 1991, 95, 221–225.
36 K. Vinodgopal; S. Hotchandani;
P. V. Kamat, Electrochemically assisted
photocatalysis. TiO 2 particulate film
electrodes for photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol. J. Phys. Chem.
1993, 97, 9040–9044.
37 J. M. Kesselman; A. Kumar; N. S.
Lewis, Fundamental photoelectrochemistry of TiO 2 and SrTiO 3 applied
to environmental problems, in Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment
of Water and Air, D. F. Ollis and
H. Al-Ekabi, Editors. 1993, Elsevier
Science Publishers B. V.: Amsterdam.
p. 19–37.
38 J. M. Kesselman; G. A. Shreve;
M. R. Hoffmann; N. S. Lewis, Fluxmatching condition at TiO 2 photoelectrodes: Is interfacial electron
transfer to O 2 rate-limiting in the
TiO 2 -catalyzed degradation of
organics? J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98,
13385–13395.
39 D. Schmelling; K. A. Gray; P. V.
Kamat, Role of reduction in the
photocatalytic degradation of
trinitrotoluene. Environ. Sci. Technol.
1996, 30, 2547–2555.
40 P. V. Kamat, Photochemistry on
nonreactive and reactive (semiconductor) surfaces. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93,
267–300.
41 M. R. Hoffmann; S. T. Martin; W.
Choi; D. W. Bahnemann, Environmental applications of semiconductor
photocatalysis. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95,
69–96.
42 N. Serpone, Relative phtotonic
efficiencies and quantum yields in
heterogeneous photocatalysis. J.
Photochem. Photobiol., A: Chem. 1997,
104, 1–12.
43 A. Fujishima; K. Hashimoto; T.
Watanabe, TiO 2 photocatalysis.
Fundamentals and Applications. Tokyo,
Japan: Bkc, Inc. 176 1999.
44 J. K. Sass; R. K. Sen; E. Meyer; H.
Gerischer, Tunnelling processes at
highly doped ZnO-electrodes in
aqueous electrolytes. Part II. Electron
exchange with the valence band. Surf.
Sci. 1974, 44, 515.
45 P. Mulvaney; T. Linnert; A.
Henglein, Surface chemistry of
colloidal silver in aqueous solution:
Observations on chemisorption and
reactivity. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95,
7843–7846.
46 T. Linnert; P. Mulvaney; A.
Henglein, Photochemistry of colloidal silver particles: The effects of
N 2 O and adsorbed CN À . Ber. Bunsenges.
Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 838–841.
47 D. Cahen; G. Hodes, Molecules and
electronic materials. Adv. Mater. 2002,
14, 789–798.
48 M. Brust; C. Kiely, Some recent
advances in nanostructure preparation
from gold and silver particles: a short
topical review. Colloid Surface A 2002,
202, 175–186.
49 P. Avouris; B. N. J. Persson, Excited
States at Metal Surfaces and Their
Nonradiative Relaxation. J. Phys.
Chem. 1984, 88, 837–848.
50 U. Kreibig; M. Vollmer, Optical
Properties of Metal Clusters. Berlin:
Springer 1995.
51 M.-P. Pileni, The role of soft colloidal
templates in controlling the size and
shape of inorganic nanocrystals.
Nature Materials 2003, 2, 148–150.
52 J. P. Wilcoxon; J. E. Martin; F.
Parsapour; B. Wiedenman; D. F.
Kelley, Photoluminescence from
nanosize gold clusters. J. Chem. Phys
1998, 108, 9137–9143.
53 M. B. Mohamed; V. Volkov; S. Link;
M. A. El-Sayed, The ‘lightning’ gold
nanorods: fluorescence enhancement
of over a million compared to the gold
metal. Chemical Physics Letters 2000,
317, 517–523.
54 T. Huang; R. W. Murray, Visible
Luminescence of Water-Soluble
Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters.
J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 12498–
12502.
55 T. Sato; T. Ichikawa; T. Ito; Y.
Yonezawa; K. Kadono; T.
Sakaguchi; M. Miya, Nonlinear
optical properties of silver sols
prepared by photoreduction method.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 242, 310–314.
19 Photochemistry and Electrochemistry of Nanoassemblies
638
slurry cell and the relevance to
photodetoxification reactions. J. Phys.
Chem. 1991, 95, 221–225.
36 K. Vinodgopal; S. Hotchandani;
P. V. Kamat, Electrochemically assisted
photocatalysis. TiO 2 particulate film
electrodes for photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol. J. Phys. Chem.
1993, 97, 9040–9044.
37 J. M. Kesselman; A. Kumar; N. S.
Lewis, Fundamental photoelectrochemistry of TiO 2 and SrTiO 3 applied
to environmental problems, in Photocatalytic Purification and Treatment
of Water and Air, D. F. Ollis and
H. Al-Ekabi, Editors. 1993, Elsevier
Science Publishers B. V.: Amsterdam.
p. 19–37.
38 J. M. Kesselman; G. A. Shreve;
M. R. Hoffmann; N. S. Lewis, Fluxmatching condition at TiO 2 photoelectrodes: Is interfacial electron
transfer to O 2 rate-limiting in the
TiO 2 -catalyzed degradation of
organics? J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98,
13385–13395.
39 D. Schmelling; K. A. Gray; P. V.
Kamat, Role of reduction in the
photocatalytic degradation of
trinitrotoluene. Environ. Sci. Technol.
1996, 30, 2547–2555.
40 P. V. Kamat, Photochemistry on
nonreactive and reactive (semiconductor) surfaces. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93,
267–300.
41 M. R. Hoffmann; S. T. Martin; W.
Choi; D. W. Bahnemann, Environmental applications of semiconductor
photocatalysis. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95,
69–96.
42 N. Serpone, Relative phtotonic
efficiencies and quantum yields in
heterogeneous photocatalysis. J.
Photochem. Photobiol., A: Chem. 1997,
104, 1–12.
43 A. Fujishima; K. Hashimoto; T.
Watanabe, TiO 2 photocatalysis.
Fundamentals and Applications. Tokyo,
Japan: Bkc, Inc. 176 1999.
44 J. K. Sass; R. K. Sen; E. Meyer; H.
Gerischer, Tunnelling processes at
highly doped ZnO-electrodes in
aqueous electrolytes. Part II. Electron
exchange with the valence band. Surf.
Sci. 1974, 44, 515.
45 P. Mulvaney; T. Linnert; A.
Henglein, Surface chemistry of
colloidal silver in aqueous solution:
Observations on chemisorption and
reactivity. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95,
7843–7846.
46 T. Linnert; P. Mulvaney; A.
Henglein, Photochemistry of colloidal silver particles: The effects of
N 2 O and adsorbed CN À . Ber. Bunsenges.
Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 838–841.
47 D. Cahen; G. Hodes, Molecules and
electronic materials. Adv. Mater. 2002,
14, 789–798.
48 M. Brust; C. Kiely, Some recent
advances in nanostructure preparation
from gold and silver particles: a short
topical review. Colloid Surface A 2002,
202, 175–186.
49 P. Avouris; B. N. J. Persson, Excited
States at Metal Surfaces and Their
Nonradiative Relaxation. J. Phys.
Chem. 1984, 88, 837–848.
50 U. Kreibig; M. Vollmer, Optical
Properties of Metal Clusters. Berlin:
Springer 1995.
51 M.-P. Pileni, The role of soft colloidal
templates in controlling the size and
shape of inorganic nanocrystals.
Nature Materials 2003, 2, 148–150.
52 J. P. Wilcoxon; J. E. Martin; F.
Parsapour; B. Wiedenman; D. F.
Kelley, Photoluminescence from
nanosize gold clusters. J. Chem. Phys
1998, 108, 9137–9143.
53 M. B. Mohamed; V. Volkov; S. Link;
M. A. El-Sayed, The ‘lightning’ gold
nanorods: fluorescence enhancement
of over a million compared to the gold
metal. Chemical Physics Letters 2000,
317, 517–523.
54 T. Huang; R. W. Murray, Visible
Luminescence of Water-Soluble
Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters.
J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 12498–
12502.
55 T. Sato; T. Ichikawa; T. Ito; Y.
Yonezawa; K. Kadono; T.
Sakaguchi; M. Miya, Nonlinear
optical properties of silver sols
prepared by photoreduction method.
Chem. Phys. Lett. 1995, 242, 310–314.
19 Photochemistry and Electrochemistry of Nanoassemblies
638