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198 R. B. Sharma, V. N. Tondare, D. S.
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199 S. R. Mishra, H. S. Rawat, S. C.
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200 K. Yoshino, H. Kajii, H. Araki,
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201 J. R. Wood, H. D. Wagner, Appl.
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202 M. Eswaramoorthy, R. Sen, C. N. R.
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203 M. S. Dresselhaus, K. A. Williams,
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204 G. G. Tibbetts, G. P. Meisner, C. H.
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205 M. Hirscher, M. Becher, M.
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206 C. Zandonella, Nature 2001, 410,
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207 Y. Ye, C. C. Ahn, C. Witham et al.,
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208 A. C. Dillon, K. M. Jones, T. A.
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209 C. Liu, Y. Y. Fan, M. Liu et al.,
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210 G. Gundiah, A. Govindaraj, N.
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211 (a) P. Ratnasamy, L. Rodrigues, A. J.
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212 R. R. Chianelli, E. Prestridge, T.
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213 (a) R. Tenne, L. Margulis, M. Genut
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L. Margulis, G. Salitra, R. Tenne et
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214 K. J. C. van Bommel, A. Friggeri, S.
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215 (a) C. T. Kresge, M. E. Leonowicz,
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216 (a) W. Sto ¨ber, A. Fink, E. Bohn, J.
Colloid Interface Sci. 1968, 26, 62–69;
(b) M. Nakamura, Y. Matsui, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2651–2652.
217 P. M. Ajayan, O. Stephane, Ph.
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218 (a) B. C. Satishkumar, A. Govindaraj, E. M. Vogl et al., J. Mater.
Res. 1997, 12, 604–606; (b) B. C.
Satishkumar, A. Govindaraj, M.
Nath et al., J. Mater. Chem. 2000, 10,
2115–2219.
219 M. E. Spahr, P. Bitterli, R. Nesper
et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
1998, 37, 1263–1265 (Angew. Chem.
1998, 110, 1339).
220 L. Pu, X. Bao, J. Zou et al., Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2001, 40, 1490–
1493.
221 (a) M. L. Cohen, Solid State Commun.
1994, 92, 45–52; (b) A. Rubio, J. L.
8 Nanotubes and Nanowires
280
265–270.
188 Y. Saito, S. Uemura, Carbon 2000, 38,
169–182.
189 R. Rosen, W. W. Simendinger, C.
Debbault et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000,
76, 1668–1670.
190 H. Sugie, M. Tanemura, V. Filip et
al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 2578–
2580.
191 J.-M. Bonard, T. Sto ¨ckli, F. Maier et
al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 81, 1441–
1444.
192 J.-L. Kwo, C. C. Tsou, M. Yokoyama
et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2001, 19,
23–26.
193 W. Zhu, C. Bower, O. Zhou et al.,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 873–875.
194 Y. Saito, K. Hamaguchi, S. Uemura
et al., Appl. Phys. A 1998, 67, 95–100.
195 (a) W. B. Choi, D. S. Chung, J. H.
Kang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75,
3129–3130; (b) C. J. Lee, J. Park, S. Y.
Kang et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000,
326, 175–180.
196 D. Lovall, M. Buss, E. Graugnard et
al., Phys. Rev. B 2000, 61, 5683–5691.
197 O. Groning, O. M. Kuttel, Ch.
Emmenegger et al., J. Vac. Sci.
Technol. B 2000, 18, 665–678.
198 R. B. Sharma, V. N. Tondare, D. S.
Joag et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001,
344, 283–286.
199 S. R. Mishra, H. S. Rawat, S. C.
Mehendale et al., Chem. Phys. Lett.
2000, 317, 510–514.
200 K. Yoshino, H. Kajii, H. Araki,
Fullerene Sci. Technol. 1999, 7, 695–
711.
201 J. R. Wood, H. D. Wagner, Appl.
Phys. Lett. 2000, 76, 2883–2885.
202 M. Eswaramoorthy, R. Sen, C. N. R.
Rao, Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 304, 207–
210.
203 M. S. Dresselhaus, K. A. Williams,
P. C. Eklund, MRS Bull. 2000, 24,
45–50.
204 G. G. Tibbetts, G. P. Meisner, C. H.
Olk, Carbon 2001, 39, 2291–2301.
205 M. Hirscher, M. Becher, M.
Haluska et al., J. Alloys Compd. 2002,
330–332, 654–658.
206 C. Zandonella, Nature 2001, 410,
734–735.
207 Y. Ye, C. C. Ahn, C. Witham et al.,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 74, 2307–2309.
208 A. C. Dillon, K. M. Jones, T. A.
Bekkedahl et al., Nature 1997, 386,
377–379.
209 C. Liu, Y. Y. Fan, M. Liu et al.,
Science 1999, 286, 1127–1129.
210 G. Gundiah, A. Govindaraj, N.
Rajalakshmi et al., J. Mater. Chem.
2003, 13, 209–213.
211 (a) P. Ratnasamy, L. Rodrigues, A. J.
Leonard, J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77,
2242–2245; (b) J. A. Wilson, A. D.
Yoffe, Adv. Phys. 1969, 269, 193–335.
212 R. R. Chianelli, E. Prestridge, T.
Pecorano et al., Science 1979, 203,
1105–1107.
213 (a) R. Tenne, L. Margulis, M. Genut
et al., Nature 1992, 360, 444–446; (b)
L. Margulis, G. Salitra, R. Tenne et
al., Nature 1993, 365, 113–114; (c) Y.
Feldman, E. Wasserman, D. J.
Srolovitch et al., Science 1995, 267,
222–225.
214 K. J. C. van Bommel, A. Friggeri, S.
Shinkai, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
2003, 42, 980–999.
215 (a) C. T. Kresge, M. E. Leonowicz,
W. J. Roth et al., Nature 1992, 259,
710–712; (b) J. S. Beck, J. C.
Vartulli, W. J. Roth et al., J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10834–10843.
216 (a) W. Sto ¨ber, A. Fink, E. Bohn, J.
Colloid Interface Sci. 1968, 26, 62–69;
(b) M. Nakamura, Y. Matsui, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2651–2652.
217 P. M. Ajayan, O. Stephane, Ph.
Redlich et al., Nature 1995, 375, 564–
567.
218 (a) B. C. Satishkumar, A. Govindaraj, E. M. Vogl et al., J. Mater.
Res. 1997, 12, 604–606; (b) B. C.
Satishkumar, A. Govindaraj, M.
Nath et al., J. Mater. Chem. 2000, 10,
2115–2219.
219 M. E. Spahr, P. Bitterli, R. Nesper
et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
1998, 37, 1263–1265 (Angew. Chem.
1998, 110, 1339).
220 L. Pu, X. Bao, J. Zou et al., Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2001, 40, 1490–
1493.
221 (a) M. L. Cohen, Solid State Commun.
1994, 92, 45–52; (b) A. Rubio, J. L.
8 Nanotubes and Nanowires
280