atures in or near the cavitation bubbles. If the original Tl 2 O particle is planar (twodimensional), curvature and closure of the fullerene-like structures may occur
around the collapsing bubble. The temperature gradient from the bubble surface
into the solution should cause a temperature gradient across the particle that
causes the curvature. This is helped by the energetics, which favors sheet closure
due to bond energy released by eliminating reactive edges in the planar structures.
6.1.2.5 The Sonochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured SnO 2 and SnO as their Use
as Electrode Materials
In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the use of SnO 2 as an
anode material for lithium batteries, starting with the announcement by Fuji Photo
Film Celltee Co. Ltd., Japan, about their STALION lithium ion cell. These cells
utilized an amorphous tin-based composite oxide as the anode (together with a
Fig. 6.5. TEM image of the as-prepared powder of fullerenelike inorganic TlCl 3 , at different tilt angles. (a) þ40
, (b) 0
,
(c) À40
, (d) SAED inserted (Scale: 1 cm ¼ 4.1 nm).
6 Sonochemistry and Other Novel Methods Developed for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
136