Chapter 13
Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation: Options and Perspectives
Punit Kumar, Sunita, Kashyap Kumar Dubey, and Pratyoosh Shukla
Abstract
Vaccines are biological preparations to elicit a specific immune response in individuals against the targetted
microorganisms. The use of vaccines has caused the near eradication of many critical diseases and has had an
everlasting impact on public health at a relatively low cost. Most of the vaccines developed today are based
on techniques which were developed a long time ago. In the beginning, vaccines were prepared from tissue
fluids obtained from infected animals or people, but at present, the scenario has changed with the
development of vaccines from live or killed whole microorganisms and toxins or using genetic engineering
approaches. Considerable efforts have been made in vaccine development, but there are still many diseases
that need attention, and new technologies are being developed in vaccinology to combat them. In this
chapter, we discuss different approaches for vaccine development, including the properties and preparation
of whole-cell vaccines.
Key words Vaccines, Diseases, Inactivation, Attenuation, Conjugated vaccines, Whole-cell vaccines
1 Introduction
As per the World Health Organization (WHO), a vaccine may be
described as a biological preparation that is used to improve immunity against a particular disease. Vaccines contain live, weakened, or
killed forms of the microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, its
toxins or one of its surface proteins which cause diseases (Fig. 1).
Vaccines are prepared for human and animal uses. The agents
present in vaccines provoke the immune system of the individual
to generate antibodies or required cellular responses and destroy
the foreign agent and remembers it so that the immune system can
recognize and eliminate the microorganism which may be encountered later [1]. Alternatively, there is one more category of vaccines
called subunit vaccines, and such vaccines contain specific compoBlaine A. Pfeifer and Andrew Hill (eds.), Vaccine Delivery Technology: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology,
vol. 2183, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_13, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
Punit Kumar and Sunita Verma are Joint first authors.
249
Whole-Cell Vaccine Preparation: Options and Perspectives
Punit Kumar, Sunita, Kashyap Kumar Dubey, and Pratyoosh Shukla
Abstract
Vaccines are biological preparations to elicit a specific immune response in individuals against the targetted
microorganisms. The use of vaccines has caused the near eradication of many critical diseases and has had an
everlasting impact on public health at a relatively low cost. Most of the vaccines developed today are based
on techniques which were developed a long time ago. In the beginning, vaccines were prepared from tissue
fluids obtained from infected animals or people, but at present, the scenario has changed with the
development of vaccines from live or killed whole microorganisms and toxins or using genetic engineering
approaches. Considerable efforts have been made in vaccine development, but there are still many diseases
that need attention, and new technologies are being developed in vaccinology to combat them. In this
chapter, we discuss different approaches for vaccine development, including the properties and preparation
of whole-cell vaccines.
Key words Vaccines, Diseases, Inactivation, Attenuation, Conjugated vaccines, Whole-cell vaccines
1 Introduction
As per the World Health Organization (WHO), a vaccine may be
described as a biological preparation that is used to improve immunity against a particular disease. Vaccines contain live, weakened, or
killed forms of the microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, its
toxins or one of its surface proteins which cause diseases (Fig. 1).
Vaccines are prepared for human and animal uses. The agents
present in vaccines provoke the immune system of the individual
to generate antibodies or required cellular responses and destroy
the foreign agent and remembers it so that the immune system can
recognize and eliminate the microorganism which may be encountered later [1]. Alternatively, there is one more category of vaccines
called subunit vaccines, and such vaccines contain specific compoBlaine A. Pfeifer and Andrew Hill (eds.), Vaccine Delivery Technology: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology,
vol. 2183, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_13, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
Punit Kumar and Sunita Verma are Joint first authors.
249