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org/10.1016/j.ab.2008.02.011
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71. Pease LF, Lipin DI, Tsai D-H et al (2009)
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Biotechnol Bioeng 102(3):845–855. https://
doi.org/10.1002/bit.22085
72. Li Y, Wang Q, Bergmann SM et al (2019)
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against
KHV and establishment of an antigen sandwich
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micpath.2018.12.034
73. Pfefferkorn M, Bo ¨hm S, Schott T et al (2018)
Quantification of large and middle proteins of
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novel tool for the identification of inactive
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74. Rajendran M, Sun W, Comella P et al (2018)
An immuno-assay to quantify influenza virus
hemagglutinin with correctly folded stalk
domains in vaccine preparations. PLoS One
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journal.pone.0194830
75. Jensen KS, Adams R, Bennett RS et al (2018)
Development of a novel real-time polymerase
chain reaction assay for the quantitative detection of Nipah virus replicative viral RNA. PLoS
One 13(6):e0199534. https://doi.org/10.
1371/journal.pone.0199534
76. Abachin E, Convers S, Falque S et al (2018)
Comparison of reverse-transcriptase qPCR and
droplet digital PCR for the quantification of
dengue virus nucleic acid. Biologicals
52:49–54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biologicals.2018.01.001
77. Rush BS, Coughlin ML, Sanyal G (2018) In
vitro infectivity of oncolytic Newcastle Disease
Virus: correlation between plaque and fluorescent focus assays. J Virol Methods 251:69–74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.
09.029
78. Tobita K, Sugiura A, Enomoto C et al (1975)
Plaque assay and primary isolation of influenza
a viruses in an established line of canine kidney
cells (MDCK) in the presence of trypsin. Med
Microbiol Immunol 162(1):9–14. https://doi.
org/10.1007/BF02123572
79. Tatsumoto N, Miyauchi T, Arditi M et al
(2018) Quantification of infectious sendai
virus using plaque assay. Bio Protoc 8(21).
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.3068
80. Karlsson EA, Meliopoulos VA, Tran V et al
(2018) Measuring influenza virus infection
using bioluminescent reporter viruses for
in vivo imaging and in vitro replication assays.
Methods Mol Biol 1836:431–459. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8678-1_21
81. Lambeth CR, White LJ, Johnston RE et al
(2005) Flow cytometry-based assay for titrating dengue virus. J Clin Microbiol 43
(7):3267–3272. https://doi.org/10.1128/
JCM.43.7.3267-3272.2005
82. Vlasak J, van Hoang M, Christanti S et al
(2016) Use of flow cytometry for characterization of human cytomegalovirus vaccine particles. Vaccine 34(20):2321–2328. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.067
83. Konz JO, Lee AL, Lewis JA et al (2005) Development of a purification process for adenovirus: controlling virus aggregation to improve
the clearance of host cell DNA. Biotechnol
Viral Nanoplex Vaccine Production
247
64. Citkowicz A, Petry H, Harkins RN et al (2008)
Characterization of virus-like particle assembly
for DNA delivery using asymmetrical flow
field-flow fractionation and light scattering.
Anal Biochem 376(2):163–172. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ab.2008.02.011
65. Driskell JD, Jones CA, Tompkins SM et al
(2011) One-step assay for detecting influenza
virus using dynamic light scattering and gold
nanoparticles. Analyst 136(15):3083–3090.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C1AN15303J
66. Vestad B, Llorente A, Neurauter A et al (2017)
Size and concentration analyses of extracellular
vesicles by nanoparticle tracking analysis: a variation study. J Extracell Vesicles 6(1):1344087.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2017.
1344087
67. Soo CY, Song Y, Zheng Y et al (2012) Nanoparticle tracking analysis monitors microvesicle
and exosome secretion from immune cells.
Immunology 136(2):192–197. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03569.x
68. Kramberger P, Ciringer M, S ˇ trancar A et al
(2012) Evaluation of nanoparticle tracking
analysis for total virus particle determination.
Virol J 9:265. https://doi.org/10.1186/
1743-422X-9-265
69. Harris A, Cardone G, Winkler DC et al (2006)
Influenza virus pleiomorphy characterized by
cryoelectron tomography. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 103(50):19123–19127. https://doi.
org/10.1073/pnas.0607614103
70. Ruigrok RW, Andree PJ, van Hooft Huysduynen RA et al (1984) Characterization of three
highly purified influenza virus strains by electron
microscopy. J
Gen Virol
65
(Pt 4):799–802. https://doi.org/10.1099/
0022-1317-65-4-799
71. Pease LF, Lipin DI, Tsai D-H et al (2009)
Quantitative characterization of virus-like particles by asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation, electrospray differential mobility
analysis, and transmission electron microscopy.
Biotechnol Bioeng 102(3):845–855. https://
doi.org/10.1002/bit.22085
72. Li Y, Wang Q, Bergmann SM et al (2019)
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against
KHV and establishment of an antigen sandwich
ELISA for KHV detection. Microb Pathog
128:36–40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
micpath.2018.12.034
73. Pfefferkorn M, Bo ¨hm S, Schott T et al (2018)
Quantification of large and middle proteins of
hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) as a
novel tool for the identification of inactive
HBV carriers. Gut 67(11):2045–2053.
https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017313811
74. Rajendran M, Sun W, Comella P et al (2018)
An immuno-assay to quantify influenza virus
hemagglutinin with correctly folded stalk
domains in vaccine preparations. PLoS One
13(4):e0194830. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0194830
75. Jensen KS, Adams R, Bennett RS et al (2018)
Development of a novel real-time polymerase
chain reaction assay for the quantitative detection of Nipah virus replicative viral RNA. PLoS
One 13(6):e0199534. https://doi.org/10.
1371/journal.pone.0199534
76. Abachin E, Convers S, Falque S et al (2018)
Comparison of reverse-transcriptase qPCR and
droplet digital PCR for the quantification of
dengue virus nucleic acid. Biologicals
52:49–54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biologicals.2018.01.001
77. Rush BS, Coughlin ML, Sanyal G (2018) In
vitro infectivity of oncolytic Newcastle Disease
Virus: correlation between plaque and fluorescent focus assays. J Virol Methods 251:69–74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.
09.029
78. Tobita K, Sugiura A, Enomoto C et al (1975)
Plaque assay and primary isolation of influenza
a viruses in an established line of canine kidney
cells (MDCK) in the presence of trypsin. Med
Microbiol Immunol 162(1):9–14. https://doi.
org/10.1007/BF02123572
79. Tatsumoto N, Miyauchi T, Arditi M et al
(2018) Quantification of infectious sendai
virus using plaque assay. Bio Protoc 8(21).
https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.3068
80. Karlsson EA, Meliopoulos VA, Tran V et al
(2018) Measuring influenza virus infection
using bioluminescent reporter viruses for
in vivo imaging and in vitro replication assays.
Methods Mol Biol 1836:431–459. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8678-1_21
81. Lambeth CR, White LJ, Johnston RE et al
(2005) Flow cytometry-based assay for titrating dengue virus. J Clin Microbiol 43
(7):3267–3272. https://doi.org/10.1128/
JCM.43.7.3267-3272.2005
82. Vlasak J, van Hoang M, Christanti S et al
(2016) Use of flow cytometry for characterization of human cytomegalovirus vaccine particles. Vaccine 34(20):2321–2328. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.067
83. Konz JO, Lee AL, Lewis JA et al (2005) Development of a purification process for adenovirus: controlling virus aggregation to improve
the clearance of host cell DNA. Biotechnol
Viral Nanoplex Vaccine Production
247