66
J. Zhou and S. Chang
Table 3.1 Growth of participation of non-state and sub-state actors from 2015 to 2017
2015
2017
Cities
7025 from 99 countries/regions,
accounting for 11% of the global
population
7378 from 133 countries/regions,
accounting for 16.9% of the global
population
State and regions
116 regions from 20
countries/regions, accounting for
11% of the global population
245 regions from 42
countries/regions, accounting for
17.5% of the global population
by 2030. ICLEI, a global network of subnational governments, has developed the
Carbon Climate Registry, which covers more than 1000 towns and regions from 89
countries, representing 9% of the world’s population.
Coordinating state and regional government actions, the State and Region
Compact (2017) consists of 110 regional governments from 36 countries, representing 658 million people, representing about 18% of the world economy, with
a baseline emission of 3.9 gigatonnes of CO 2 equivalent. These governments have
committed to 290 climate actions, focusing on emissions reduction, renewable energy
use and energy efficiency. If the climate targets are met on time, these actions are
expected to deliver a total of 21.9 GtCO 2 e reduction between 2010 and 2050 (Table
3.1).
3.1.2.2 International Cooperation Initiatives (ICIs)
The International Cooperation Initiative (ICIs), by drawing in large and growing
Numbers of non-state and sub-state actors, can deliver considerable emissions reductions, but only if they meet the stated goals and do not displace actions elsewhere. The
Climate Initiative Platform is currently tracking 244 initiatives, of which 220 center
on mitigation. Since the launch of 2016 UN Emissions Gap Report, the platform has
added 17 new initiatives.
(1) Regional and Sectoral Involvement
As Fig. 3.2 shows, many programs are implemented in multiple locations.
Regional participation in ICIs has grown in almost every region despite the
modest growth of the mitigation-based ICIs tracked since 2016. The largest
increase was recorded in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the number
of registered information systems climbed from six in 2016 to 25 in 2018.
Participation of Western Europe, Asia and the Pacific roughly doubled from
that in 2016. In addition, ICIs activities were concentrated in high-and-middleincome countries, and ICIs operating in low-income countries or regions also
saw notable growth by 56% between 2015 and 2017, and 50% increase was
found in low-and-middle-income countries during the same period. Despite
these advances, the north–south gap remains glaring.
J. Zhou and S. Chang
Table 3.1 Growth of participation of non-state and sub-state actors from 2015 to 2017
2015
2017
Cities
7025 from 99 countries/regions,
accounting for 11% of the global
population
7378 from 133 countries/regions,
accounting for 16.9% of the global
population
State and regions
116 regions from 20
countries/regions, accounting for
11% of the global population
245 regions from 42
countries/regions, accounting for
17.5% of the global population
by 2030. ICLEI, a global network of subnational governments, has developed the
Carbon Climate Registry, which covers more than 1000 towns and regions from 89
countries, representing 9% of the world’s population.
Coordinating state and regional government actions, the State and Region
Compact (2017) consists of 110 regional governments from 36 countries, representing 658 million people, representing about 18% of the world economy, with
a baseline emission of 3.9 gigatonnes of CO 2 equivalent. These governments have
committed to 290 climate actions, focusing on emissions reduction, renewable energy
use and energy efficiency. If the climate targets are met on time, these actions are
expected to deliver a total of 21.9 GtCO 2 e reduction between 2010 and 2050 (Table
3.1).
3.1.2.2 International Cooperation Initiatives (ICIs)
The International Cooperation Initiative (ICIs), by drawing in large and growing
Numbers of non-state and sub-state actors, can deliver considerable emissions reductions, but only if they meet the stated goals and do not displace actions elsewhere. The
Climate Initiative Platform is currently tracking 244 initiatives, of which 220 center
on mitigation. Since the launch of 2016 UN Emissions Gap Report, the platform has
added 17 new initiatives.
(1) Regional and Sectoral Involvement
As Fig. 3.2 shows, many programs are implemented in multiple locations.
Regional participation in ICIs has grown in almost every region despite the
modest growth of the mitigation-based ICIs tracked since 2016. The largest
increase was recorded in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the number
of registered information systems climbed from six in 2016 to 25 in 2018.
Participation of Western Europe, Asia and the Pacific roughly doubled from
that in 2016. In addition, ICIs activities were concentrated in high-and-middleincome countries, and ICIs operating in low-income countries or regions also
saw notable growth by 56% between 2015 and 2017, and 50% increase was
found in low-and-middle-income countries during the same period. Despite
these advances, the north–south gap remains glaring.