7 Development of Low Carbon Technology in China’s Iron …
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basis, studies will be conducted on using other clean energy for power generation.
In this project, Linde AG is responsible for hydrogen transport, mainly by gas tank
vehicles (Source: https://steelguru.com/search/all/Salzgitter/result; https://www.wir
echina.net/?thread-1498-112.html).
Estimation by INET/JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency): Based on parameters of direct reducing projects of JAEA, researchers of INET estimated the cost
of nuclear steelmaking, which, although not yet commercialized, can be calculated
based on the price of direct reducing steelmaking (replace the price of natural gas
supply and the investment of reformer with nuclear hydrogen, and reduce the cost
of carbon sequestration). The result is a function of hydrogen price, which is then
compared with conventional process. With the average price of steel throughout the
10 years from 2000 to 2010, i.e. 670 USD/t steel (coke and BF) and 675 USD/t
steel (natural gas reducing) as a reference, the estimated nuclear hydrogen cost is
2.45 USD//kgH 2 and the corresponding nuclear steelmaking cost is 628 USD/t steel,
suggesting competitiveness against conventional techniques.
On the whole, be it steelmaking with hydrogen generation from renewable energy
or from nuclear, the total cost is much higher than conventional steelmaking due
to the considerable cost of infrastructure (wind power/PV installations/electrolysis
cell/high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, etc.) And the cost optimization shall
depend on technological progress and carbon market development.
7.4 Technical Features and Application Prospects of CCUS
Technology in Iron and Steel Industry
7.4.1 Technical Features
Prior to using clean hydrogen for DRI, CCUS almost stood as the only technical
option for zero carbon emission of iron and steel industry. Meanwhile, as zero emission remained less of a priority for iron and steel industry in the past, and CCUS
does not help to boost efficiency of iron and steel industry as it does for oil and gas,
the momentum of CCUS has been lackluster compared to technologies aiming at
improving the production efficiency. The technical options and their categorization
of different phases of CCUS are illustrated in Fig. 7.19.
7.4.1.1 Capture
The main source of CO 2 emissions of iron and steel industry is the flue gas from
combustion, and post-combustion of CO 2 from the flue gas is the least complicated
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basis, studies will be conducted on using other clean energy for power generation.
In this project, Linde AG is responsible for hydrogen transport, mainly by gas tank
vehicles (Source: https://steelguru.com/search/all/Salzgitter/result; https://www.wir
echina.net/?thread-1498-112.html).
Estimation by INET/JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency): Based on parameters of direct reducing projects of JAEA, researchers of INET estimated the cost
of nuclear steelmaking, which, although not yet commercialized, can be calculated
based on the price of direct reducing steelmaking (replace the price of natural gas
supply and the investment of reformer with nuclear hydrogen, and reduce the cost
of carbon sequestration). The result is a function of hydrogen price, which is then
compared with conventional process. With the average price of steel throughout the
10 years from 2000 to 2010, i.e. 670 USD/t steel (coke and BF) and 675 USD/t
steel (natural gas reducing) as a reference, the estimated nuclear hydrogen cost is
2.45 USD//kgH 2 and the corresponding nuclear steelmaking cost is 628 USD/t steel,
suggesting competitiveness against conventional techniques.
On the whole, be it steelmaking with hydrogen generation from renewable energy
or from nuclear, the total cost is much higher than conventional steelmaking due
to the considerable cost of infrastructure (wind power/PV installations/electrolysis
cell/high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, etc.) And the cost optimization shall
depend on technological progress and carbon market development.
7.4 Technical Features and Application Prospects of CCUS
Technology in Iron and Steel Industry
7.4.1 Technical Features
Prior to using clean hydrogen for DRI, CCUS almost stood as the only technical
option for zero carbon emission of iron and steel industry. Meanwhile, as zero emission remained less of a priority for iron and steel industry in the past, and CCUS
does not help to boost efficiency of iron and steel industry as it does for oil and gas,
the momentum of CCUS has been lackluster compared to technologies aiming at
improving the production efficiency. The technical options and their categorization
of different phases of CCUS are illustrated in Fig. 7.19.
7.4.1.1 Capture
The main source of CO 2 emissions of iron and steel industry is the flue gas from
combustion, and post-combustion of CO 2 from the flue gas is the least complicated