7 Development of Low Carbon Technology in China’s Iron …
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HTRs of 600,000 kw each are needed for 600 Mt of steel, the corresponding CO 2
emission is 1 kg/ton of steel, which is slightly lower than HYBRID project.
The results from the above theoretical research and demon projects show that
actual production conditions and technical options vary with different regions. Generally speaking, the cleaner the hydrogen as fundamental, the greater potentials for
carbon reduction, with the maximum percentage of over 80%.
7.3.2.2 Hydrogen Generation
As is stated above, the carbon reduction performance of hydrogen steelmaking
depends on the source of hydrogen. A review of analysis results of GHG emission throughout the lifecycle of existing hydrogen power worldwide enables the
estimation of GHG emission reduction potentials of different hydrogen sources, as
illustrated in Fig. 7.18. The following conclusions can be drawn: results of different
case studies are highly dispersed with high uncertainty of emission research results
obtained from different technical options and national situations; it is basically clear
that hydrogen production from renewables features good low-carbon potentials while
steelmaking with hydrogen from grid power/fossil fuels have little advantage in GHG
emission reduction compared to direct use of coal under the current conditions.
Apart from the aforementioned emission reduction potentials, the actual application potentials of hydrogen ironmaking are also subject to the following factors:
(1) Infrastructure cost, see 7.3.3;
(2) High energy consumption and carbon emissions in the storage and transport
along the hydrogen supply chain, as hydrogen is of low density, difficult to
compress and prone to leakage;
(3) Service life and safety of production materials and the consequent public
awareness.
7.3.3 Carbon Reduction Cost
HYBRID Project: research results announced in the beginning of 2018 indicated
that for a 240 MW hydrogen generation facility and BF with an initial investment
of 30 million euros, the cost of hydrogen metallurgy technique adopted by HYBRIT
project is 20–30% higher than traditional BF in Europe, calculated on the basis of
power and coke prices and CO 2 emission trading price.
SALCOS Project: Salzgitter took the initiative in mapping out and implementing
Wind H2 Project using wind power to produce hydrogen. The project deployed wind
power for hydrogen generation through electrolysis, and applied hydrogen to the
cold rolling process as reducing gas, and eventually injected the oxygen into BF.
For the wind power part, 7 wind generators of a total capacity of 30 MW were built
by a partner wind power supplier, 3 of which were located in a facility in Salzgitter.
According to the project plan, the first step was to build a proton exchange membrane
253
HTRs of 600,000 kw each are needed for 600 Mt of steel, the corresponding CO 2
emission is 1 kg/ton of steel, which is slightly lower than HYBRID project.
The results from the above theoretical research and demon projects show that
actual production conditions and technical options vary with different regions. Generally speaking, the cleaner the hydrogen as fundamental, the greater potentials for
carbon reduction, with the maximum percentage of over 80%.
7.3.2.2 Hydrogen Generation
As is stated above, the carbon reduction performance of hydrogen steelmaking
depends on the source of hydrogen. A review of analysis results of GHG emission throughout the lifecycle of existing hydrogen power worldwide enables the
estimation of GHG emission reduction potentials of different hydrogen sources, as
illustrated in Fig. 7.18. The following conclusions can be drawn: results of different
case studies are highly dispersed with high uncertainty of emission research results
obtained from different technical options and national situations; it is basically clear
that hydrogen production from renewables features good low-carbon potentials while
steelmaking with hydrogen from grid power/fossil fuels have little advantage in GHG
emission reduction compared to direct use of coal under the current conditions.
Apart from the aforementioned emission reduction potentials, the actual application potentials of hydrogen ironmaking are also subject to the following factors:
(1) Infrastructure cost, see 7.3.3;
(2) High energy consumption and carbon emissions in the storage and transport
along the hydrogen supply chain, as hydrogen is of low density, difficult to
compress and prone to leakage;
(3) Service life and safety of production materials and the consequent public
awareness.
7.3.3 Carbon Reduction Cost
HYBRID Project: research results announced in the beginning of 2018 indicated
that for a 240 MW hydrogen generation facility and BF with an initial investment
of 30 million euros, the cost of hydrogen metallurgy technique adopted by HYBRIT
project is 20–30% higher than traditional BF in Europe, calculated on the basis of
power and coke prices and CO 2 emission trading price.
SALCOS Project: Salzgitter took the initiative in mapping out and implementing
Wind H2 Project using wind power to produce hydrogen. The project deployed wind
power for hydrogen generation through electrolysis, and applied hydrogen to the
cold rolling process as reducing gas, and eventually injected the oxygen into BF.
For the wind power part, 7 wind generators of a total capacity of 30 MW were built
by a partner wind power supplier, 3 of which were located in a facility in Salzgitter.
According to the project plan, the first step was to build a proton exchange membrane