250
L. Ren et al.
• Green hydrogen (wind power/PV hydrogen generation, hydrogen generated from
waste heat of steelmaking, nuclear power hydrogen generation): most demo
projects show intention to eliminate CCUS and directly use green hydrogen for
production, with its framework shown in Fig. 7.16. HYBRID project in Sweden,
SALCOS project in Germany and H2FUTURE project in Austria are all jointly
operated by local steel plants, power plants and electrolytic cell suppliers (such
as Siemens and Sunfire), with a dedicated hydrogen supply sub-project (such as
GrInHy2.0 under SALCOS project in Germany) to ensure facilities for wind/PV
renewables and electrolytic cells. Among these, SALCOS project in Germany
plans to use waste heat from iron and steel industry for power generation/heat
supply for solid oxide fuel cells apart from wind power and PV. Baowu Group in
China, in collaboration with CNNC and Tsinghua University for prospective study
on adopting nuclear for steelmaking and hydrogen generation. The plan includes
simultaneous hydrogen and power generation by I-S circulation deploying high
temperature gas cooling reactor, where hydrogen is used for DRI and electricity
for EAF steelmaking.
If hydrogen production is zero-carbon in itself, zero-carbon in iron production can
be achieved by hydrogen-enabled DRI, be it water electrolysis or CCS application
in methane steam reforming or coal chemical processing that is used for hydrogen
generation.
7.3.2 Potentials of Application
Potentials of application for hydrogen steelmaking should be viewed from two
perspectives: the overall expected emission reduction of each demo project which
will be driven by policy, economics and technical capability, and emissions and
abatement potentials of hydrogen generation for each project in its entire life cycle.
7.3.2.1 Project Level
About 120 GJ hydrogen is needed per ton of iron produced by DRI, from which
the sponge iron can be used for EAF steelmaking. A development plan of 400Mt
hydrogen DRI in East Asia has been mapped out by Gielen et al. (forthcoming). It is
expected that iron and steel output of BF/BOF would be 525Mt by 2035 and 423 Mt by
2050. Given this forecast, the emission reduction potential would be approximately
50Mt in 2035 and 500Mt in 2050 (Gielen et al. forthcoming). Compared to BF/BOF,
CO 2 emissions would be cut by 80–95% if DRI with hydrogen generation from
renewables—EAF is adopted (Otto et al. 2017; Prammer 2018).
HYBRIT Project: the energy flow chart and the consequent emission reduction are
illustrated in Fig. 7.17. CO 2 emissions per ton of steel produced by SSAB with longprocess technique is 1600 kg (other European countries generally range between
L. Ren et al.
• Green hydrogen (wind power/PV hydrogen generation, hydrogen generated from
waste heat of steelmaking, nuclear power hydrogen generation): most demo
projects show intention to eliminate CCUS and directly use green hydrogen for
production, with its framework shown in Fig. 7.16. HYBRID project in Sweden,
SALCOS project in Germany and H2FUTURE project in Austria are all jointly
operated by local steel plants, power plants and electrolytic cell suppliers (such
as Siemens and Sunfire), with a dedicated hydrogen supply sub-project (such as
GrInHy2.0 under SALCOS project in Germany) to ensure facilities for wind/PV
renewables and electrolytic cells. Among these, SALCOS project in Germany
plans to use waste heat from iron and steel industry for power generation/heat
supply for solid oxide fuel cells apart from wind power and PV. Baowu Group in
China, in collaboration with CNNC and Tsinghua University for prospective study
on adopting nuclear for steelmaking and hydrogen generation. The plan includes
simultaneous hydrogen and power generation by I-S circulation deploying high
temperature gas cooling reactor, where hydrogen is used for DRI and electricity
for EAF steelmaking.
If hydrogen production is zero-carbon in itself, zero-carbon in iron production can
be achieved by hydrogen-enabled DRI, be it water electrolysis or CCS application
in methane steam reforming or coal chemical processing that is used for hydrogen
generation.
7.3.2 Potentials of Application
Potentials of application for hydrogen steelmaking should be viewed from two
perspectives: the overall expected emission reduction of each demo project which
will be driven by policy, economics and technical capability, and emissions and
abatement potentials of hydrogen generation for each project in its entire life cycle.
7.3.2.1 Project Level
About 120 GJ hydrogen is needed per ton of iron produced by DRI, from which
the sponge iron can be used for EAF steelmaking. A development plan of 400Mt
hydrogen DRI in East Asia has been mapped out by Gielen et al. (forthcoming). It is
expected that iron and steel output of BF/BOF would be 525Mt by 2035 and 423 Mt by
2050. Given this forecast, the emission reduction potential would be approximately
50Mt in 2035 and 500Mt in 2050 (Gielen et al. forthcoming). Compared to BF/BOF,
CO 2 emissions would be cut by 80–95% if DRI with hydrogen generation from
renewables—EAF is adopted (Otto et al. 2017; Prammer 2018).
HYBRIT Project: the energy flow chart and the consequent emission reduction are
illustrated in Fig. 7.17. CO 2 emissions per ton of steel produced by SSAB with longprocess technique is 1600 kg (other European countries generally range between