192
W. Cai et al.
geographical distribution of coal-fired power generation in the entire power system
should be adjusted. Northwest China is home to massive coal-fired power basis, and
water stress would still exceed the warning threshold in some parts of the region
even if air-cooling is adopted in all the units. Therefore, the potential constraint
of water resources on the development of coal power in different regions must be
considered, in particular in northwest China. Meanwhile, notable synergistic benefit
exists between emission target to combat climate change and the reduction of water
demand from coal power, which provides grounds for proactive emission reduction
efforts under the climate policy framework.
More rigorous resources management should be adopted. A period of intensified
efforts in pollution control has put to a stop the worsening water environment in China.
Nevertheless, the current water management system is not yet full-fledged due to the
legacy of duplicated and fragmented government functions in water management,
among other problems. Confronting the challenge requires a strengthening of water
management system for most efficient utilization, conservation and sustainable use of
water resources in a holistic manner. Possible options include creating a coordination
mechanism for water management and implementing water right trading system, etc.
References
Cai, B., Liu, B., Zhang, B. (2019). Evolution of Chinese urban household’s water footprint. Journal
of Cleaner Production, 208, 1–10.
Chai, W. (2012). Study on the demand forecast of agricultural water resources in the six provinces
(municipalities) of north China based on the Gray Model. (Doctoral dissertation, Hebei University
of Economics and Business).
Chai, L., Han, Z., Liang, Y., et al. (2020). Understanding the blue water footprint of households in
China from a perspective of consumption expenditure. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 1-10.
Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., Nonhebel, S., Ivens, W. P. M. F. (2002). A method to determine land
requirements relating to food consumption patterns. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,
90(1), 47–58.
Hoekstra, A. Y., Mekonnen, M. M. (2012). The water footprint of humanity. Proceedings of the
national academy of sciences, 109(9), 3232−3237.
Jia, S., Zhang, J. (2011). Institutional Reform of Water Resources Management in China. China
Population, Resources and Environment, 21(10), 102–106. [In Chinese]
Lei, Y., Huang, L., Zhang, H. (2017). Research on the dynamic evolution and the driving factors
of industrial water consumption efficiency in China. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze
Basin, 26(2), 4–15. [In Chinese]
Li Y., Cao, J., Shen, F., et al. (2014). The changes of renewable water resources in China during
1956–2010. Science China: Earth Sciences, 57, 1825–1833. [In Chinese]
Li, H., Xu, M., Zhao, Y. (2017). Study on river ecological base flow Value and its changes during
the year based on emergy method. Ecological Economy, 33(3), 160–164. [In Chinese]
Liu, J., Bao, Z., Liu, C., et al. (2019). Change law and cause analysis of water resources and water
consumption in China in past 20 years. Hydro-Science and Engineering, (4), 31–41. [In Chinese]
Ma, Y., Tao, X. (2017). China’s Economic Forecast and Outlook 2017.[In Chinese]
Ministry of Water Resources, PRC. (2000–2018). China Water Resources Bulletin. China Water
Resources and Hydropower Press.
W. Cai et al.
geographical distribution of coal-fired power generation in the entire power system
should be adjusted. Northwest China is home to massive coal-fired power basis, and
water stress would still exceed the warning threshold in some parts of the region
even if air-cooling is adopted in all the units. Therefore, the potential constraint
of water resources on the development of coal power in different regions must be
considered, in particular in northwest China. Meanwhile, notable synergistic benefit
exists between emission target to combat climate change and the reduction of water
demand from coal power, which provides grounds for proactive emission reduction
efforts under the climate policy framework.
More rigorous resources management should be adopted. A period of intensified
efforts in pollution control has put to a stop the worsening water environment in China.
Nevertheless, the current water management system is not yet full-fledged due to the
legacy of duplicated and fragmented government functions in water management,
among other problems. Confronting the challenge requires a strengthening of water
management system for most efficient utilization, conservation and sustainable use of
water resources in a holistic manner. Possible options include creating a coordination
mechanism for water management and implementing water right trading system, etc.
References
Cai, B., Liu, B., Zhang, B. (2019). Evolution of Chinese urban household’s water footprint. Journal
of Cleaner Production, 208, 1–10.
Chai, W. (2012). Study on the demand forecast of agricultural water resources in the six provinces
(municipalities) of north China based on the Gray Model. (Doctoral dissertation, Hebei University
of Economics and Business).
Chai, L., Han, Z., Liang, Y., et al. (2020). Understanding the blue water footprint of households in
China from a perspective of consumption expenditure. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 1-10.
Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., Nonhebel, S., Ivens, W. P. M. F. (2002). A method to determine land
requirements relating to food consumption patterns. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,
90(1), 47–58.
Hoekstra, A. Y., Mekonnen, M. M. (2012). The water footprint of humanity. Proceedings of the
national academy of sciences, 109(9), 3232−3237.
Jia, S., Zhang, J. (2011). Institutional Reform of Water Resources Management in China. China
Population, Resources and Environment, 21(10), 102–106. [In Chinese]
Lei, Y., Huang, L., Zhang, H. (2017). Research on the dynamic evolution and the driving factors
of industrial water consumption efficiency in China. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze
Basin, 26(2), 4–15. [In Chinese]
Li Y., Cao, J., Shen, F., et al. (2014). The changes of renewable water resources in China during
1956–2010. Science China: Earth Sciences, 57, 1825–1833. [In Chinese]
Li, H., Xu, M., Zhao, Y. (2017). Study on river ecological base flow Value and its changes during
the year based on emergy method. Ecological Economy, 33(3), 160–164. [In Chinese]
Liu, J., Bao, Z., Liu, C., et al. (2019). Change law and cause analysis of water resources and water
consumption in China in past 20 years. Hydro-Science and Engineering, (4), 31–41. [In Chinese]
Ma, Y., Tao, X. (2017). China’s Economic Forecast and Outlook 2017.[In Chinese]
Ministry of Water Resources, PRC. (2000–2018). China Water Resources Bulletin. China Water
Resources and Hydropower Press.