Chapter 16
Luminescent Materials for Organic
Light-Emitting Diodes
Shigeyuki Yagi
Abstract Nowadays, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), consisting of nanoorder luminescent and semiconductive organic thin films, attracts considerable
interest from the viewpoint of application to flat panel displays and illumination
devices. Among the constituent materials of OLEDs, emitting materials play an
important role in determination of the device performance such as luminous efficiencies and chromaticity coordinates of electroluminescence. Here, luminescent
dyes and related compounds used as emitters in OLEDs are reviewed in accordance
with the mechanism of the exciton generation. First, fluorescent emitters based on
organic dyes and π-conjugated polymers are focused on, and then the topic moves
to phosphorescent organometallic emitters affording high device efficiencies. In the
last part, organic TADF emitters are reviewed, which can realize the 100% internal
quantum efficiency of electroluminescence in theory without the employment of
precious metal-containing organometallic structures.
Keywords Organic light-emitting diode · Organic dye · Iridium complex ·
Platinum complex · Fluorescence · Phosphorescence · Thermally activated delayed
fluorescence
16.1 Introduction
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is an electroluminescent device consisting of
nano-order thin films of organic semiconducting and emitting materials and has
attractive technological advantages such as surface self-light emission, quick on–
off response, low voltage drive, thin and light device bodies, availability of flexible
devices, and so on. Nowadays, OLEDs are applied to main light sources for largearea flat panel displays and lighting apparatuses. They are also used as image pixels
of smart devices such as smartphones and wearable computers. In future, further
S. Yagi (B)
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University,
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
e-mail: yagi@chem.osakafu-u.ac.jp
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
Y. Ooyama and S. Yagi (eds.), Progress in the Science of Functional Dyes,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4392-4_16
561
Luminescent Materials for Organic
Light-Emitting Diodes
Shigeyuki Yagi
Abstract Nowadays, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), consisting of nanoorder luminescent and semiconductive organic thin films, attracts considerable
interest from the viewpoint of application to flat panel displays and illumination
devices. Among the constituent materials of OLEDs, emitting materials play an
important role in determination of the device performance such as luminous efficiencies and chromaticity coordinates of electroluminescence. Here, luminescent
dyes and related compounds used as emitters in OLEDs are reviewed in accordance
with the mechanism of the exciton generation. First, fluorescent emitters based on
organic dyes and π-conjugated polymers are focused on, and then the topic moves
to phosphorescent organometallic emitters affording high device efficiencies. In the
last part, organic TADF emitters are reviewed, which can realize the 100% internal
quantum efficiency of electroluminescence in theory without the employment of
precious metal-containing organometallic structures.
Keywords Organic light-emitting diode · Organic dye · Iridium complex ·
Platinum complex · Fluorescence · Phosphorescence · Thermally activated delayed
fluorescence
16.1 Introduction
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is an electroluminescent device consisting of
nano-order thin films of organic semiconducting and emitting materials and has
attractive technological advantages such as surface self-light emission, quick on–
off response, low voltage drive, thin and light device bodies, availability of flexible
devices, and so on. Nowadays, OLEDs are applied to main light sources for largearea flat panel displays and lighting apparatuses. They are also used as image pixels
of smart devices such as smartphones and wearable computers. In future, further
S. Yagi (B)
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University,
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
e-mail: yagi@chem.osakafu-u.ac.jp
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
Y. Ooyama and S. Yagi (eds.), Progress in the Science of Functional Dyes,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4392-4_16
561