Three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials, 378
rotational dimensionalities, 9
translational dimensionality, 8–9
TIR, see Total internal reflection (TIR)
Top-down approach, designing nanoscale systems, 9
Topographical NSOM images, 328f
Total intermolecular potentials, 152–153
Total internal reflection (TIR), 278–279
Tourmaline, 260
Transition, oscillator strength of, 190
Transition dipole
defined, 185
moment, 185
Transition states, defined, 63
Transition state theory, 76, 77f
Translational dimensionality, 1D and 2D, 8–9
Transmission-collection mode, NSOM probe,
325, 326f
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 317–323
defined, 318–319
images of silver nanoparticles, 3f
instrumentation, 321–323, 321f
overview, 317, 318–319
principles, 319–321
Transmission mode, NSOM probe, 325, 326f
Transmittance, defined, 189
Transverse magnetic (TM) polarized mode, DPI,
287–288
Triphenylene, structure, 177
Trivial mechanism, of excitation transfer, 353
Tunneling
quantum mechanical, 128–130
defined, 128
harmonic oscillator, implications for, 129–130
implications of finite energy barriers, 128–129
STM, 311–317
Two-dimensional (2D) model, confinement of electrons
in boxes, 113–117, 118f
Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer, compression, 33–34
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials
rotational dimensionalities, 9
translational dimensionality, 8–9
U
Ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, 188–191
principles, 188–191
spectrophotometer, setup, 191
Uncertainty principle, 98–99
Understanding Nanotechnology, 14
Units
fundamental vibration frequency, 123
polarizability, 143t
rotational constant, 126
surface tension, 220
V
Valence band (VB), 341
Van der Waals interaction, 135
Van der Waals packing radius, 150
Van’t Hoff equation, defined, 55
496 Index