primary amines) on a gold surface. The surface
is functionalized through a process of incubation in the given solutions, and QCM is then
used for the immobilization of the antibody
itself. Give details as to why and how each
material binds to the underlying layer. Qualitatively predict what the QCM mass versus time
profiles will look like for each deposition step.
Materials: (a) An aqueous solution of 1-ethyl3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (or EDC), (b) mercaptoundecanoic acid
in anhydrous ethanol, (c) an aqueous solution
of (NHS), and (d) a gold-coated substrate.
4. Consider the fabrication of a polyelectrolyte
multilayer composed of PEI and PAZO on a
glass substrate. After each deposition step, the
mass of the film can be measured by QCM and
thickness by ellipsometry. Predict how these
values change for a 10-bilayer film as the following parameters are varied: (a) Decreasing
the pH of the polyelectrolyte solution from 7 to
4, (b) increasing the salt concentration from 0
to 100 mM, and (c) increasing the deposition
temperature from 25°C to 30°C. For (a) you will
need to look up various pK values for groups on
each polyelectrolyte.
Cited references
Blodgett, K. B. Films Built by Depositing Successive
Unimolecular Layers on a Solid Surface. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1935, 57: 1007–1022.
Borkar, R., Bohr, M., and Jourdan, S. Advancing Moore’s
Law on 2014. http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www
/public/us/en/documents/presentation/advancing
-moores-law-in-2014-presentation.pdf.
Castellana, E. T. and Cremer, P. S. Solid Supported Lipid
Bilayers: From Biophysical Studies to Sensor Design. Surf.
Sci. Rep. 2006, 61(10):429–444.
Dufva, M. Fabrication of High Quality Microarrays. Biomol.
Eng. 2005, 22: 173–184.
Groves, J. T. and Boxer, S. G. Micropattern Formation in
Supported Lipid Membranes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35:
149–157.
Groves, J. T., Ulman, N., and Boxer, S. G. Micropatterning
Fluid Lipid Bilayers on Solid Supports. Science 1997, 275
(5300):651–653.
Gu, L. Q. et al. Stochastic Sensing of Organic Analytes by a
Pore-Forming Protein Containing a Molecular Adapter.
Nature. 1999, 398(6729):686–690.
Heni, W., Kutuvantaivida, Y., Haffner, C., Zwickel, H.,
Kieninger, C., Wolf, S., Lauermann, M., Fedoryshyn, Y.,
Tillack, A. F., Johnson, L. E., Elder, D. L., Robinson, B. H.,
Freude, W., Koos, C., Luthold, J., and Dalton, L. R., ACS
Photonics 2017, 4: 1576–1590.
Intel Corporation. The Story of the Intel 4004: Intel’s First
Microprocessor. 2010, https://www.intel.com/content
/www/us/en/history/museum-story-of-intel-4004.html.
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
(ITRS) 2013, http://www.itrs.net/Links/2013ITRS/Home
2013.htm.
Johal, M. S., Parikh, A. N., Lee, Y., Casson, J. L., Foster, L.,
Swanson, B. I., McBranch, D. W., Li, D. Q., and Robinson,
J. M. Study of the Conformational Structure and Cluster
Formation in a Langmuir–Blodgett Film Using Second
Harmonic Microscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy. Langmuir
1999, 15: 1275.
Knobler, C. M. Seeing Phenomena in Flatland: Studies of
Monolayers by Fluorescence Microscopy. Science 1990,
249: 870.
Lei, G. and MacDonald, R. Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Fusion:
Intermediates Captured by High-Speed Microfluorescence Spectroscopy. Biophysical Journal 2003, 85:
1585–1599.
Manfrinato, V. R., Stein, A., Zhang, L., Nam, C.-Y., Yager,
K. G., Stach, E. A., and Black, C. T. Aberration-Corrected
Electron Beam Lithography at the One Nanometer Length
Scale. Nano Lett. 2017, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00514.
CITED REFERENCES 433
is functionalized through a process of incubation in the given solutions, and QCM is then
used for the immobilization of the antibody
itself. Give details as to why and how each
material binds to the underlying layer. Qualitatively predict what the QCM mass versus time
profiles will look like for each deposition step.
Materials: (a) An aqueous solution of 1-ethyl3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (or EDC), (b) mercaptoundecanoic acid
in anhydrous ethanol, (c) an aqueous solution
of (NHS), and (d) a gold-coated substrate.
4. Consider the fabrication of a polyelectrolyte
multilayer composed of PEI and PAZO on a
glass substrate. After each deposition step, the
mass of the film can be measured by QCM and
thickness by ellipsometry. Predict how these
values change for a 10-bilayer film as the following parameters are varied: (a) Decreasing
the pH of the polyelectrolyte solution from 7 to
4, (b) increasing the salt concentration from 0
to 100 mM, and (c) increasing the deposition
temperature from 25°C to 30°C. For (a) you will
need to look up various pK values for groups on
each polyelectrolyte.
Cited references
Blodgett, K. B. Films Built by Depositing Successive
Unimolecular Layers on a Solid Surface. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1935, 57: 1007–1022.
Borkar, R., Bohr, M., and Jourdan, S. Advancing Moore’s
Law on 2014. http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www
/public/us/en/documents/presentation/advancing
-moores-law-in-2014-presentation.pdf.
Castellana, E. T. and Cremer, P. S. Solid Supported Lipid
Bilayers: From Biophysical Studies to Sensor Design. Surf.
Sci. Rep. 2006, 61(10):429–444.
Dufva, M. Fabrication of High Quality Microarrays. Biomol.
Eng. 2005, 22: 173–184.
Groves, J. T. and Boxer, S. G. Micropattern Formation in
Supported Lipid Membranes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35:
149–157.
Groves, J. T., Ulman, N., and Boxer, S. G. Micropatterning
Fluid Lipid Bilayers on Solid Supports. Science 1997, 275
(5300):651–653.
Gu, L. Q. et al. Stochastic Sensing of Organic Analytes by a
Pore-Forming Protein Containing a Molecular Adapter.
Nature. 1999, 398(6729):686–690.
Heni, W., Kutuvantaivida, Y., Haffner, C., Zwickel, H.,
Kieninger, C., Wolf, S., Lauermann, M., Fedoryshyn, Y.,
Tillack, A. F., Johnson, L. E., Elder, D. L., Robinson, B. H.,
Freude, W., Koos, C., Luthold, J., and Dalton, L. R., ACS
Photonics 2017, 4: 1576–1590.
Intel Corporation. The Story of the Intel 4004: Intel’s First
Microprocessor. 2010, https://www.intel.com/content
/www/us/en/history/museum-story-of-intel-4004.html.
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
(ITRS) 2013, http://www.itrs.net/Links/2013ITRS/Home
2013.htm.
Johal, M. S., Parikh, A. N., Lee, Y., Casson, J. L., Foster, L.,
Swanson, B. I., McBranch, D. W., Li, D. Q., and Robinson,
J. M. Study of the Conformational Structure and Cluster
Formation in a Langmuir–Blodgett Film Using Second
Harmonic Microscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy. Langmuir
1999, 15: 1275.
Knobler, C. M. Seeing Phenomena in Flatland: Studies of
Monolayers by Fluorescence Microscopy. Science 1990,
249: 870.
Lei, G. and MacDonald, R. Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Fusion:
Intermediates Captured by High-Speed Microfluorescence Spectroscopy. Biophysical Journal 2003, 85:
1585–1599.
Manfrinato, V. R., Stein, A., Zhang, L., Nam, C.-Y., Yager,
K. G., Stach, E. A., and Black, C. T. Aberration-Corrected
Electron Beam Lithography at the One Nanometer Length
Scale. Nano Lett. 2017, doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00514.
CITED REFERENCES 433