440
Starch (cont.)
modified starches
drug delivery, 81
pharmaceutical formulations, 81, 82
nanocomposites films, 62
nano delivery system, 75, 77, 78
native and modified forms, 64, 65
pharmaceutical industry, 83
physicochemical and functional
characteristics, 7–10
physicochemical properties, 60
plasma volume expanders, 82
prebiotic, 72, 73
properties, 79
requirements/demands, 4
schematic diagram, 5
societal and legislative pressure, 60
tablet disintegrant, 82
Starch applications
biopolymer films, 13
food industry, 12
high shear and temperature stability, 13
maltodextrin, 12
Starch chemistry
granules
α–D–(1–4) linkages and
amylopectin, 5
amylose and amylopectin, 5, 6
botanical sources, 7
electron micrograph, 4
Maltese cross, 5, 6
shapes and sizes, 4
Starch modification
applications, 12
chemical, 10
methods, 10, 11
physical, 10
syneresis/water separation, 10
Starch–polycaprolactone composites
(SPCL), 83
Sterculia gum, 190
Steroids, 398
Stirred tank reactor (STR), 323
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, 418
Structural characterization
NMR spectroscopy, 313–315
three-dimensional structures, 312
X-ray crystallography, 312–313
Structural modification, 220
Subcritical water extraction (SWE),
136, 137
Succinylated (SUC), 65
Superheated water extraction
(SHWE), 136
T
Tara gum, 190
Tea polyphenol (TP), 61
Teratogenic activity, 423
Terpenes, 398
Tetra methylenediamine (TEMED), 287
Thermoascus aurantiacus, 325
Thermoplastic starch, 61
Thin layer chromatography (TLC), 404
Thiobarbituric (TBA) assay, 344
Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), 78
Trichoderma reesei, 100
Triglycerides, 392, 425
Trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS), 259
Tripolyphosphate (TPP), 194
U
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), 97–99,
137, 138
Ultrasound-/microwave- assisted acid method
(UMAAM), 138
Unsaturated fatty acids, 397, 398
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), 93
UV absorption method
Beer-Lambert’s law, 291
Biuret method, 292
Bradford method (CB dye-binding
assay), 293
Lowry (Folin-Ciocalteau), 292, 293
protein estimation, 292
UV visible absorption spectroscopy, 272
V
Val-Pro-Pro (VPP), 256
Vegetable oils, 392
Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), 426
Viscometers, 9
Vitamin A, 422
Vitamin D, 423, 424
Vitamin E, 419, 424
Vitamin K, 424, 425
W
Water chestnut (WSC), 78
Water vapor permeability (WVP), 67
Waxes, 392, 393
Weight management system, 181
Western blotting, 284
Wheat gluten, 350
Index
Starch (cont.)
modified starches
drug delivery, 81
pharmaceutical formulations, 81, 82
nanocomposites films, 62
nano delivery system, 75, 77, 78
native and modified forms, 64, 65
pharmaceutical industry, 83
physicochemical and functional
characteristics, 7–10
physicochemical properties, 60
plasma volume expanders, 82
prebiotic, 72, 73
properties, 79
requirements/demands, 4
schematic diagram, 5
societal and legislative pressure, 60
tablet disintegrant, 82
Starch applications
biopolymer films, 13
food industry, 12
high shear and temperature stability, 13
maltodextrin, 12
Starch chemistry
granules
α–D–(1–4) linkages and
amylopectin, 5
amylose and amylopectin, 5, 6
botanical sources, 7
electron micrograph, 4
Maltese cross, 5, 6
shapes and sizes, 4
Starch modification
applications, 12
chemical, 10
methods, 10, 11
physical, 10
syneresis/water separation, 10
Starch–polycaprolactone composites
(SPCL), 83
Sterculia gum, 190
Steroids, 398
Stirred tank reactor (STR), 323
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, 418
Structural characterization
NMR spectroscopy, 313–315
three-dimensional structures, 312
X-ray crystallography, 312–313
Structural modification, 220
Subcritical water extraction (SWE),
136, 137
Succinylated (SUC), 65
Superheated water extraction
(SHWE), 136
T
Tara gum, 190
Tea polyphenol (TP), 61
Teratogenic activity, 423
Terpenes, 398
Tetra methylenediamine (TEMED), 287
Thermoascus aurantiacus, 325
Thermoplastic starch, 61
Thin layer chromatography (TLC), 404
Thiobarbituric (TBA) assay, 344
Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), 78
Trichoderma reesei, 100
Triglycerides, 392, 425
Trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS), 259
Tripolyphosphate (TPP), 194
U
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), 97–99,
137, 138
Ultrasound-/microwave- assisted acid method
(UMAAM), 138
Unsaturated fatty acids, 397, 398
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA), 93
UV absorption method
Beer-Lambert’s law, 291
Biuret method, 292
Bradford method (CB dye-binding
assay), 293
Lowry (Folin-Ciocalteau), 292, 293
protein estimation, 292
UV visible absorption spectroscopy, 272
V
Val-Pro-Pro (VPP), 256
Vegetable oils, 392
Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), 426
Viscometers, 9
Vitamin A, 422
Vitamin D, 423, 424
Vitamin E, 419, 424
Vitamin K, 424, 425
W
Water chestnut (WSC), 78
Water vapor permeability (WVP), 67
Waxes, 392, 393
Weight management system, 181
Western blotting, 284
Wheat gluten, 350
Index